HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Activity of Sea Pandan Leaves (<i>P. tectorius</I>)

Main Article Content

Jafrinta I. R. Astari
Khairul Anam
Agustina L. N. Aminin
Farras F. Rahma

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by elevated blood cholesterol levels, exceeding the normal limit of 200 mg/mL. One effective approach to lower the levels is by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. Therefore, this study aimed to examine HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activity, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content(TPC), and total flavonoid content(TFC) using natural materials such asP.tectorius leaves. The methods used included simplicia standardization. The samples were gradually macerated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The results of the maceration obtained PH(Pandanus Hexane), PE(Pandanus Ethyl acetate), and PM(Pandanus Methanol) extracts. The PE was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography(VLC), the results are PEF1, PEF2, PEF3, PEF4, and PEF5. The anti-hypercholesterol test was conducted on HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibition activity, while TPC and TFC were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and the colorimetric methods. The results of the water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble, and ethanol-soluble extractive values of simplicia were (6.7, 8.8, 0.76, 6.6, and 5.9)%, respectively. The phytochemical screening of simplicia, extracts, and fractions indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenolics, and quinones. The extract that showed the highest value of  TPC and TFC was PE(32.65 mg GAE/g dry extract and 5.59 QE/g dry extract, respectively), while the fraction that showed the highest value of TPC and TFC was PEF3(24.95 mg GAE/g dry extract and 4.84 QE/g dry extract, respectively). So, the research results showed that PE (IC50=42.61 ppm) and PEF3 (IC50=95.22 ppm) showed the highest inhibitory activity of HMG-CoA reductase compared to other extracts and suspected as potential anti-hypercholesterol agents.

Article Details

How to Cite
Astari, J. I. R., Anam, K., Aminin, A. L. N., & Rahma, F. F. (2024). HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Activity of Sea Pandan Leaves (<i>P. tectorius</I>) . Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 8(4), 6975–6980. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i4.31
Section
Articles

References

Oksal E, Pangestika I, Muhammad TST, Mohamad H, Amir H, Kassim MNI, Andriani Y. In vitro and in Vivo Studies of Nanoparticles of Chitosan-Pandanus Tectorius Fruit Extract as New Alternative Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia Via Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Pathway. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(10):1263-1275. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.017

Mach F, Ray KK, Wiklund O, Corsini A, Catapano AL, Bruckert E, Backer GD, Hegele RA, Hovingh GK, Jacobson TA, Krauss RM, Laufs U, Leiter LA, Ma¨rz W, Nordestgaard BG, Raal FJ, Roden M, Santos RD, Stein EA, Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Tokgo L, Vladutiu GD, Gencer B, Stock JK, Ginsberg HN, and Chapman MJ. Adverse Effects of Statin Therapy: Perception Vs. The Evidence - Focus on Glucose Homeostasis, Cognitive, Renal and Hepatic Function, Haemorrhagic Stroke and Cataract. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(27):2526-2539. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy182

Andriani Y, Chaudhry GES, Oksal E, Pangestika I, Ramli NM, Mohamad H, Elvia R, Amir H, Effendy AWM, Sung YY, Muhammad TST. Antihypercholesterolemic and Antiatherosclerotic Potencies of Pandanus Tectorius Fruits Via Increasing Scavenger Receptor-B1 Genes Expression and Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Activity. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2020;11(1):30-35. doi:10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_164_19

Prasongsub W, Pimsan N, Buranapattarachote C, Punturee K. Anti-HMG-Coa Reductase and Antioxidant Activities of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Nutshell Extract. J Assoc Med Sci. 2021;3(54):18-26. doi:10.14456/jams.2021.19

Department of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Original Indonesian Herbal Medicine Formulary – Ministry of Health. 2017;549:40-42.

Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. Plants. 2017;6(4). doi:10.3390/plants6040042

Maurya A, Kalani K, Verma SC, Singh R, Srivastava A. Vacuum Liquid Chromatography: Simple, Efficient and Versatile Separation Technique for Natural Products. Org Med Chem Int J. 2018;7(2):1-3. doi:10.19080/OMCIJ.2018.07.555710

Utami YP, Umar AH, Syahruni R, Kadullah I. Standardization of Simplicia and Ethanol Extract of Leilem Leaves (Clerodendrum). J Pharm Med Sci. 2017;2(1):32-39.

Paramita NLPV, Andani NMD, Putri IAPY, Indriyani NKS, Susanti NMP. Characteristics of Black Tea Simplicia from The Plant Camelia Sinensis Var. Assamica From Cahaya Amerta Bali Tea Plantation, Angseri Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan District, Bali. J Kim. 2019;13(1):58. doi:10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i01.p10

Othman A, Mukhtar NJ, Ismail NS, Chang SK. Phenolics, Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Activities of 4 Malaysian Herbal Plants. Int Food Res J. 2014;21(2):759-766.

Akbar A, Soekamto NH, Firdaus, Bahrun. The antioxidant of n-hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Methanol Extracts of Padina Sp With DPPH Method. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;800(1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/800/1/012019

Buckley JPF. Pharmaceutical sciences (Np). Science (80- ). 1966;151(3712):874-875. doi:10.1126/science.151.3712.874

Duval J, Pecher V, Poujol M, Lesellier E. Research advances for the extraction, analysis and uses of anthraquinones: A review. Ind Crops Prod. 2016;94:812-833. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.056

Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Shukor MY, Shaharuddin NA, Sabullah MK, Ahmad SA. Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2016;2016. doi:10.1155/2016/8090841

Hasimun P, Sulaeman A, Putra HM, Lindasari H. Inhibition of HMG CoA Reductase and Lipid Peroxidation in The Rats Liver by Selected Zingiberaceae. Pharmaciana. 2018;8(2):232. doi:10.12928/pharmaciana.v8i2.9430.