Potential Inhibitory Effects on Human Platelet Aggregation and blood Coagulation of the Aerial Part of Portulaca oleracea L: http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i1.42

Nguyen T. Van Anh; Le H. Luyen

Authors

Nguyen T. Van Anh University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
Le H. Luyen University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam

Keywords:

purslane, Portulaca oleracea, clotting time, cardiovascular diseases, anticoagulant, antiplatelet

Abstract

Portulaca oleracea L. is a vegetable plant traditionally used to treat several conditions. A wide range of bioactivities of P. oleracea were reported. However, its potential in the treatment and prevention of heart diseases has rarely been documented. This study reports, for the first time, the inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation and blood coagulation of the aerial part of P. oleracea L. The dried aerial part of P. oleracea was macerated with 80% ethanol, suspended in the water and then successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate. Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers. The antiplatelet effects of extracts were evaluated using the turbidimetric method. The anticoagulant activity was assessed by measuring prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time. The results showed that the aerial part of P. oleracea had potent inhibitory effects on human platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antiplatelet effects (p < 0.05) regardless of agonists used. At 2 mg/mL, percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation of the ethyl acetate fraction was up to 99.5%. Moreover, both ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited anticoagulant activities by prolonging both APTT and PT (p < 0.05), while the n-hexane fraction prolonged APTT (p < 0.05), indicating possible effects on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors involved in the coagulation pathway of aerial PO. This vegetable plant could be a valuable natural source to develop supplementary products or to investigate novel antithrombotic agents for the treatment and prevention of heart diseases.

References

WHO. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). [Online]. 2021 [Cited 2023 December 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds).

Chan NCW, J. I. Antithrombotic agents. Cir Res. 2019; 124(3):426-36.

Anand U, Jacobo-Herrera N, Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N. A comprehensive review on medicinal plants as antimicrobial therapeutics: potential avenues of biocompatible drug discovery. Metabolites. 2019; 9(11):258.

Ghorani V, Saadat S, Khazdair MR, Gholamnezhad Z, El-Seedi H, Boskabady MH. Phytochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and antioxidant effects of Portulaca oleracea L.: A comprehensive review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2023; 2023:2075444.

Zhao CQ, Zhou Y, Ping J, Xu LM. Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of liver diseases: progress, challenges and opportunities. J Integr Med. 2014; 12(5):401-8.

Sun P, Wang J, Yang G, Khas E, Liu Q. Effects of different doses of free alpha-linolenic acid infused to the duodenum on the immune function of lactating dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr. 2010; 64(6):504-13.

Khazdair MR, Anaeigoudari A, Kianmehr M. Anti-asthmatic effects of Portulaca Oleracea and its constituents, a review. J Pharmacopuncture. 2019; 22(3):122-30.

Chan K, Islam MW, Kamil M, Radhakrishnan R, Zakaria MN, Habibullah M, Attas A. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. Sativa (Haw.) Celak. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73(3):445-51.

Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Hozeifi S. The hepato-protective effects of Portulaca oleracea L. extract: review. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2019; 16(2):122-6.

Lee JH, Park JE, Han JS. Portulaca oleracea L. extract reduces hyperglycemia via PI3k/Akt and AMPK pathways in the skeletal muscles of C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020; 260:112973.

El-Sayed M-IK. Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds in treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as adjunctive and alternative therapy. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 137(1):643-51.

Hadjzadeh M-a-R, Khodadadi H, Sohrabi F, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Ghorbani A, Hosseinian S. Protective effects of Portulaca oleracea and vitamin E on cardiovascular parameters in rats with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2022; 44(7):663-9.

Mustard JF, Perry DW, Ardlie NG, Packham MA. Preparation of suspensions of washed platelets from humans. Br J Haematol. 1972; 22(2):193-204.

Le HL, Nguyen TMH, Vu TT, Nguyen TTO, Ly HDT, Le NT, Nguyen VH, Nguyen TVA. Potent antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity of aerial Canna x generalis L.H Bailey & E.Z Bailey and its phytoconstituents. South Afr J Bot. 2022; 147:882-93.

Fuentes E, Palomo I. Relationship between platelet PPARs, cAMP levels, and p-selectin expression: antiplatelet activity of natural products. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:861786.

Knight CJ. Antiplatelet treatment in stable coronary artery disease. Heart. 2003; 89(10):1273-8.

Nguyen TMH, Le HL, Ha TT, Bui BH, Le NT, Nguyen VH, Nguyen TVA. Inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation and coagulation and antioxidant activity of C. edulis Ker Gawl rhizome and its secondary metabolites. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020; 263:113136.

Le HL, Vu TT, Le TTH, Duong TLH, Nguyen TVA. Inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation, antioxidant activity, and phytochemicals of Canna warszewiczii (A. Dietr) Nb. Tanaka. Pharmacog Res. 2020; 12:47-52.

Calatzis A, Wittwer M, Krueger B. 2004. Platelets. A new approach to platelet function analysis in whole blood - the multiplate analyzer. Platelets. 2004; 15:485-6.

Hanke AA, Roberg K, Monaca E, Sellmann T, Weber CF, Rahe-Meyer N, Görlinger K. Impact of platelet count on results obtained from multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (Multiplate). Eur J Med Res. 2010; 15(5):214-9.

Zhou L, Schmaier AH. Platelet aggregation testing in platelet-rich plasma: description of procedures with the aim to develop standards in the field. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005; 123(2):172-83.

Bates SM, Weitz JI. Coagulation assays. Circulation. 2005; 112(4):e53-60.

Kiflemariam F, Tewelde A, Hamid A, Beshir B, Solomon S, Eman T, Abraha D, Kahsu R, J I, Kaushik J. Meriandra dianthera aqueous extract and its fraction prevents blood coagulation by specifically inhibiting the Intrinsic coagulation pathway: an in vitro study. J Exp Pharmacol. 2022; 14:205-12.

Nguyen TVA, Nguyen TMH, Le HL, Bui DH. Potential antithrombotic effect of two new phenylpropanoid sucrose esters and other secondary metabolites of Canna indica L. rhizome. Nat Prod Res. 2023:1-9.

Herlyanti K, Murwanti R, Wahyono, Fukhrudin N. Antiplatelet activity of Piper cubeca fruit ethanol extract. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(11): 1832-1835.

Nwaogu LA, Igwe CU, Iwueke AV, Chukwudoruo CS. In vitro aggregation inhibition activity of n-hexane leaf extract of Azadirachta indica of human platelet. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(9): 1487-1491.

Navarro-Núñez L, Lozano ML, Palomo M, Martínez C, Vicente V, Castillo J, Benavente-García O, Diaz-Ricart M, Escolar G, Rivera J. Apigenin inhibits platelet adhesion and thrombus formation and synergizes with aspirin in the suppression of the arachidonic acid pathway. J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 56(9):2970-6.

Guerrero JA, Lozano ML, Castillo J, Benavente-García O, Vicente V, Rivera J. Flavonoids inhibit platelet function through binding to the thromboxane A2 receptor. J Thromb Haemost. 2005; 3(2):369-76.