Antioxidant Potential of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Leaf Ethanol Extract in HSC-3 Cancer Cell Line
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i4.10
Keywords:
Anticancer, Antioxidant activity, Ethanol extract, HSC-3 cell line, LemongrassAbstract
Oral cavity cancer is a common cancer that has a high mortality rate in humans. Owing to the high cost of the main anticancer drugs and the associated side effects, there has been ongoing research for alternative anti-cancer drugs derived from natural materials. Antioxidants are the molecules involved in scavenging reactive species, which can modify cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the antioxidant potential of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf ethanol extract and its cytotoxic activity against the Human Squamous Cell-3 (HSC-3) cancer cell line. This in vitro study used the HSC-3 cell line, which was divided into the negative, vehicle, and positive controls, as well as a lemongrass leaf extract (25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/mL) treatment. The antioxidant activity assay employed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, while the cytotoxicity and proliferation assays were performed with the Cell Counting Kit-8. Migration of the HSC-3 cell line was evaluated with the scratch wound healing method. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the lemongrass leaf ethanol extract was moderate, with an IC50 value of 103.65 μg/mL. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity (anticancer) activity has an IC50 value of 73.69 μg/mL, and there was decreased proliferation and migration in the HSC-3 cell line. The findings of this study indicate that natural antioxidants have anticancer potential because there is a strong correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activities in the HSC-3 cell line.
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