Cytotoxic Activity of Croton penduliflorus (Euphorbiaceae) Seed Oil against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i12.1

Abstract

Croton penduliforus (Euphorbiaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant ubiquitous to Nigeria and other West African countries. Its seeds are used in folklore medicine to treat uterine tumour and fibroid. This study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic effect of Croton penduliforus seed oil (CPSO) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The shelled, oven-dried, ground seeds of Croton penduliforus was extracted with petroleum ether using Soxhlet apparatus to obtain the oil. Cytotoxicity of CPSO on EAC were carried out using trypan blue dye exclusion assay. A stock solution of 1000 µg/mL of CPSO in Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was prepared followed by
serial dilutions of 100, 10 and 1 µg/mL from the stock. Aliquots of 200 µL of CPSO sample were placed in the wells and the volume were made up to 800 µL with DMSO. Aliquot of 100 µL of  EAC with a concentration of 106 cells/mL was added to each well. Negative control having 800 µL DMSO in the wells followed by the addition of 100 µL of EAC with a concentration of 106 cells/mL were also prepared, while 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) with concentrations of 1000, 100, 10 and 1 µg/mL was used as the positive control. The wells were incubated at 37oC for 24 h. Following the incubation, 100 µL of trypan blue was added to each well. The number of viable cells were counted in each well. CPSO has low cytotoxic effect on EAC with IC50 of 561 µg/mL, while 5-FU has IC50 of 2.88 µg/mL on EAC.