Effect of Bisphenol A and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Haematological and Renal Function Parameters doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i12.2
Main Article Content
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature of plastics has caused increased concerns about the effects of exposure of humans to plastic polymers particularly the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) like Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Bisphenol A (BPA) used in plastic production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA and DEHP on haematological and renal function parameters. A total of 60 adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (I-IV) of 15 animals each. Group I was fed with rodent feed only (control), while groups II - IV were administered 5mg/kg/day of BPA, 0.5 mg/kg/day of DEHP and a mixture of 0.5 mg/kg/day of BPA and 0.5
mg/kg/day of DEHP, respectively. The animals were monitored for 42 days. The result shows that there were significant (p < 0.05) increase in pack cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell, reticulocyte, total white blood cell, lymphocyte, platelet, sodium ion and creatinine concentrations in group II, while the concentrations of urea, potassium and bicarbonate were reduced. In group III, there were increase in the concentrations of pack cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, and mean cell volume, lymphocyte, platelets, sodium ion, and urea while creatinine concentration was reduced. In group IV, there were increase in the concentration of mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte, total white cell count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, sodium ion and a decrease in creatinine and potassium ion concentration. The present study has shown a possible haematinic effect of BPA and DEHP. They also cause significant alterations in kidney function test parameters.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ben-Jonathan N and Steinmetz R. Xenoestrogens: The emerging story of bisphenol A. TEM. 2008; 9:124–128.
Welshons WV, Nagel SC, Vom Saal F. Large effects from small exposures. III Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of bisphenol A at levels of human exposure. Endocr. 2006; 147:S56–S69.
Le HH, Carlson EM, Chua JP, Belcher SM.Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicol Lett. 2008; 176:149–156.
Fernandez MF, Arrebola JP, Taoufiki J, Navalon A, Ballesteros O, Pulgar R, Vilchez JL, Olea. Bisphenol-A and chlorinated derivatives in adipose tissue of women. Reprod Toxicol. 2007; 24(2):259-64.
Burridge E. Bisphenol A: product profile. Eur Chem News. 2003;14–20:17.
Brotons JA, Olea-Serrano MF, Villalobos M, Pedraza V, Olea N. Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coating in food cans. Env Health Perspect. 1995; 103:608–612.
Consumers Union. Baby alert: new findings about plastics. Consumer Reports 1999. 28–29 p.
Howdeshell KL, Hotchkiss AK, Thayer KA, Vandenbergh JG, vom Saal FS. Exposure to bisphenol A advances puberty. Nature. 1999; 401:763–764.
Akingbemi, BT, Youker, RT, Sottas CM, Ge R, Katz E, Klinefelter G.R, Zirkin BR, Hardy MP. Modulation of rat leydig cell steroidogenic function by di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Bio Reprod. 2001; 65:1252–1259.
Akingbemi BT, Sottas CM, Koulova AI, Klinefelter GR, Hardy MP. Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis by the xenoe-strogen bisphenol A is associated with reduced pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion and decreased steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in rat Leydig
cells. Endocr. 2004; 145:592–603.
McKee RH., Butala JH, David RM, Gans G. NTP center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction reports on phthalates: addressing the data gaps. Reprod Toxicol. 2001;18:1–22.
Bosnir J, Puntaric D, Skes I, Klaric M, Simic S, Zoric I. Migration of phthalates from plastic products to model solutions. Coll Antropol. 2003; 27(1):23–30.
Petersen JH, Breindahl T. Plasticizers in total diet samples, baby food and infant formulae. Food Addit Contam. 2000;17:133–141
Lorke DA. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol. 1983; 54:275-287.
Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in the Tropical countries part 2.(2nd ed. Cambridge Uni. Press. 2006. 209-334 p.
Roche Diagnostics,Procedural insert: Hitachi 2000. 917 p.
Mourad IM and Khadrawy YA. The sensetivity of Liver, Kidney and testis of rats to oxidative stress induced by different doses of Bisphenol A. Int J Life Sci. Pharma Rev. 2012; 2:19-28.
Raymond M. David Michael R. Moore Dean C.Finney Derek Guest, Chronic Toxicity of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Rats. Toxicol Sci. 2000; 55(2):433-443.
Miura Y, Naito M, Ablake M, Terayama H, Shuang-Quin Y, Qu N, Cheng L, Suna S, Jitsunari F, Itoh M. Short-term effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on testes, liver, kidney and pancrease in mice. Asian J Androl. 2012; 9:199-205.
Rahimi O, Farokhi, F, Khojasteh MB, Ozi SA. The effect of Bisphenol A on serum parameters and morphology of kidney’s tiisues. Bio forum-An Int J. 2015; 7(2):79-90.
Wittassek M and Angerer J. Phthalates: metabolism and exposure. Int J Androl. 2008; 31:131–138.
Rehab M. Hussein and Jehane I. Eid. Pathological mechanisms of liver injury caused by oral administration of bisphenol A. Life Sci J. 2013; 10(1):663-673