Evaluation of Hypoglycaemic and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Root in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i8.6
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Abstract
Moringa oleifera is traditionally used for treatment of diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, venomous bites, for cardiac stimulation and as a diuretic. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera root in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The root was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively using soxhlet apparatus. All the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and toxicity study. The powder and methanol extracts were subjected to anti-diabetic evaluation using alloxaninduced diabetes in rats for 28 days. Glibenclamide was used as standard drug. The anti-diabetic
effect of the extract was evaluated by measuring changes in blood glucose level, haematological indices, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and pancreatic tissue. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides and saponins. LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. Both
the methanol extract and powdered root showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood glucose level after treatment. Also, the concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased significantly (p<0.05) as compared with the diabetic control. Histopathological examination of the pancreas from diabetic rats showed degenerative
changes in β-cells. In the treatment groups, there was a significant reversal to the damage done to the islet of Langerhans.
This study has shown that M. oleifera root possesses hypoglycaemic effect and ameliorates other adverse diabetic conditions imposed by alloxan-induced diabetes on the experimental rats.
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