Ethyl acetate Fraction of Nypa fruticans Wurmb Leaves Enhances Antihyperglycemic Activity, Insulin Secretion, Pancreatic β-cell Mass, and GLUT2 Expression
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from defective insulin production, resistance, or a combination of both. The objective of this study was to assess the antihyperglycemic impact of the ethyl acetate fraction (AEF) of Nypa fruticans Wurmb fronds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were administered AEF at dosages of 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg body weight, or glibenclamide at 0.45 mg/kg, for a duration of 21 days. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were evaluated at intervals, and pancreatic tissues were examined for insulitis score, β-cell count, and GLUT2 expression using immunohistochemistry. Compared to diabetic controls, AEF at 250 and 500 mg/kg dramatically lowered blood glucose and raised insulin levels. Histopathological study demonstrated decreased insulitis and augmented β-cell mass, whilst immunohistochemistry indicated elevated GLUT2 expression in pancreatic islets. These findings indicate that AEF enhances glycemic control by promoting insulin secretion, regenerating β-cells, and increasing GLUT2 expression, hence confirming its potential as a candidate for antidiabetic therapy.
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