An Overview of the Phenolic Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Extracts and Compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa Leaves
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i4.3
Keywords:
Ellagitannins, Gallotannins, Lagerstroemin, Ellagic Acid, Corosolic AcidAbstract
Lagerstroemia speciosa is a semi-deciduous tree bearing attractive pink or purple flowers with wrinkled petals and yellow stamens. It is a common ornamental tree planted along roadsides, and in gardens and parks. Major types of compounds isolated from L. speciosa leaves include ellagitannins, triterpenes, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and sterols. Leaf extracts possess properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-hepatic steatosis, anti-ulcerative colitis, anti-cariogenic and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). In this article, the phenolic constituents and pharmacological properties of extracts and bioactive compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves were reviewed. The phenolic compounds of L. speciosa leaves were compiled for the first time. Sources of information were from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, J-Stage and PubChem. The criteria used for the selection of articles were based on topics rather than on the period of coverage, although recent references were accorded higher priority. Among the ellagitannins, lagerstroemin possesses anti-diabetic properties, valoneic acid dilactone displays potent inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and ellagic acid inhibits the growth of HIV and human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Among the triterpenes, corosolic acid (CA) has anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and osteoblast differentiation properties. In conclusion, the anti-diabetic properties of ellagitannins and CA, in comparison with gallotannins, are worthy of further studies. The development of anti-diabetic drugs from L. speciosa leaves presents promising prospects for commercialization following clinical trials. Other topics worthy of further research include the toxicity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of L. speciosa. The bioactivity of compounds and their structure-activity relationships need more in-depth studies.
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