Topical Application of Geniotrigona thoracica Propolis Nanoparticle for Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-induced Type-1 Diabetic Rat Model
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Abstract
Diabetic ulcers are common complications of diabetes. Herbal products such as propolis may accelerate wound healing because of their biological activity. The development of propolis using nanotechnology is expected to enhance its effectiveness and accelerate its absorption. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of propolis nanoparticles in the treatment of diabetic ulcers in a streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rat model. Male Wistar rats with diabetic ulcers were treated topically with propolis nanoparticles for 14 days, and outcomes were assessed based on wound closure rate, histological characteristics, and oxidative stress markers. Wound closure was measured on days 7 and 14 post injury. Histological analysis focused on epidermal thickness and subcutaneous tissue formation, whereas oxidative stress was assessed by serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at baseline, day 1, and day 7. The results showed that propolis nanoparticles accelerated wound closure by days 7 (P < 0.05) and 14 (P > 0.05). Histologically, the treated wounds exhibited improved structural restoration, with hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The treated wounds also had a thinner epidermis, indicating controlled proliferation and a reduced risk of abnormal scar formation. MDA levels were lower in the propolis-nanoparticle-treated group than in the untreated group (P > 0.05). Propolis nanoparticles demonstrated potential in promoting early-stage wound healing in diabetic rats, suggesting they could be a valuable addition to the therapeutic options for diabetic ulcer management.
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