Characterization of Matrix Type Diclofenac Sodium Patch as a Transdermal Delivery System: Effect of Polymer Concentration

Ade Mahdiyyah; Nuzul Diyah; Nira Purnamasari; Esti Hendradi

doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v9i10.58

Authors

Ade A. Mahdiyyah Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, South Jakarta 12450, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia | Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
Nuzul W. Diyah Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
Nira Purnamasari Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi 40531, West Java, Indonesia
Esti Hendradi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia | Pharmaceutics and Delivery Systems for Drugs, Cosmetics and Nanomedicine (Pharm-DCN) Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i10.58

Keywords:

Ethyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Carboxymethyl Chitosan, Diclofenac sodium, Patches

Abstract

Diclofenac sodium belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is extensively utilized for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions, but its oral administration is often associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, transdermal drug delivery systems such as patches offer an alternative route to improve patient compliance and minimize adverse effects. This research sought to examine the matrix-type formulation of the diclofenac sodium patch using a combination of hydrophilic polymer Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC) and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) E15, as well as hydrophobic polymer Ethyl Cellulose (EC) N22. The effect of polymer combination and increased CMC concentration were evaluated. The patches were tested in vitro and assessed for their physicochemical properties. The results showed no significant differences in organoleptic, thickness, average weight, homogeneity, and drug content. However, the polymer combination affected surface morphology, and the presence of CMC increased the percentage of %moisture content. The results of this study indicate that patches containing the highest concentration of CMC (F3) showed the highest release, as the patches showed a maximum percentage of moisture absorption. All formulations followed zero-order release kinetics with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9061 (F1), 0.9518 (F2), and 0.9686 (F3). Formula F3 was identified as the optimal formulation with the highest %MC (6.34 ± 0.36%), the highest %cumulative drug release (25.20
± 0.42%) at 480 minutes, and zero-order flux (0.0466 μg/cm2/min). These findings suggest that increasing CMC concentration significantly enhances the drug release from diclofenac sodium patches.

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