Global Scenario of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of the Homoeopathic Perspective in Mitigating this Menace

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major global health challenge, primarily driven by unchecked and irrational usage of antibiotics in human healthcare, veterinary practice, agriculture, and environmental settings. The growing ineffectiveness of conventional antimicrobials against resistant pathogens necessitates exploring sustainable alternatives. Homoeopathy, a well established complementary and alternative system of medicine, offers potential as a supportive or first-line approach, particularly in managing community-acquired infections. This review evaluates the capacity of homoeopathic interventions to minimize antibiotic reliance and thereby contribute to AMR mitigation. A systematic literature search across PubMed, Google Scholar, BASE, and Science.gov identified both pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing homoeopathy in infections commonly managed with antibiotics, such as respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal conditions. Evidence indicates that homoeopathy can stimulate immune mechanisms, lower infection recurrence, and in several studies, demonstrate outcomes comparable to conventional treatments. Beyond human health, its application in veterinary and agricultural sectors also suggest potential to curb antibiotic overuse and reduce environmental contamination. The historical and current role of homoeopathy in epidemic control further underscores its relevance for public health integration. In alignment with the WHO’s “One Health” framework, evidence based incorporation of homoeopathy could provide a complementary strategy in addressing the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with AMR, particularly across India and the Asia Pacific. Strengthening this approach requires rigorous, large-scale clinical research to validate efficacy and guide policy adoption.