Identification of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Produced by Chlorella vulgaris as a Potential Candidate for Biodiesel Production
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i2.4
Keywords:
Algae, Biodiesel, Chlorella vulgaris, Fatty acids, Gas chromatographyAbstract
Algae are ubiquitous and have found wide applications in the food industry and biotechnological approaches. Cyanobacteria and green algae have high protein and fatty acid contents, making them suitable for biodiesel production. The present study was aimed at identifying the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents of Chlorella vulgaris towards its use for biodiesel production. C. vulgaris was isolated from the local environment in Mosul city, Iraq. Pure cultures were made and incubated at different times (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 days) at 25 oC. At the end of the incubation periods, the cultures were analyzed. Final pH, optical density, biomass, chlorophyll and protein contents were determined. Gas chromatographic analysis was performed on petroleum ether, chloroform or ethanol extracts of C. vulgaris to identify constituent fatty acids. The results obtained indicated that growth of the algal cultures, as measured by OD increased with an increase in incubation periods until a maximum (OD 0.85), after which the values declined. Similar observations were made for the amount of biomass, final pH, chlorophyll and protein contents. The gas chromatographic analysis of the three extracts indicated the presence of secondary metabolites which included oleic, stearic, undecanoic, butyric, arachidonic, linolenic, behenic, pentadecanoic, mystic, caproic, eicosapent, lingoceric, cisdocosanoic, linolic and nervonic acids. Our findings revealed the presence of diverse amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in C. vulgaris, making it a potential candidate for biodiesel production.
References
Al-Obeidi OM. Testing of physical and chemical properties and their relation to the species variation of distribution of
algae in Duhok Dam. Duhok Iraq M.Sc. thesis University of Kirkik Iraq. 2018; 3-9 p.
Singh PD, Prabha Verma S and Meena K. Antioxidant properties and poly phenolic content in terrestrial cyanobacteria. Biotech. 1981; 7(2):134-141.
Anusuga DM, SubbulakShmi G, Madhav DM, Ven Kataraman LV. Studies on the proteins of mass cultivated blue green algae (Spirulina platensis). Agri Food Chem. 2017; 29:522-525.
Anupama PR. Value added food; single cell protein. Biotech Adv. 2000; 18:459-497.
Kruger GH, Dewet H, Kock JL, Pieterse AJ. Fatty acid composition as a taxonomic characteristic for Microcystis and other coccoid cyanobacteria (blue-green algae isolates). Hydrobiologia. 2006; 308:145-151.
Vijaya KS. Potential application of cyanobacteria in industrial effluents: A review. J Bioremed Biodeg.1995; 3:154-163.
Sadeq Abd and Al-Wahab RH. Mineral of Microbiology, Second ed. Saud King Saud University. Al-Raeth, Sudia
Arabia. 2009. 68-73 p.
Al-Hussein AE. Algae in Iraq and its environmental and classification issue, home of general cultured affair. Culture Ministry, Iraq. 2016. 10-16 p.
Lv JM, Cheng LH, Xu XH, Zhang L, Chen H. Enhanced lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris by adjustment of cultivation condition. Biores Technol. 2010; 101:6797-6800.
Ali RH. Using the Remaining’s of sugar production factory (Molasses) as culture medium effects of some culture condition on growth and the numbers of biological constituents for Chlorella vulgaris alga. MSc dissertation, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. 2017. 37 p.
Al-Juboori M, Jhad D and Al-Shahri Y. Bio chemical. Study of some micro algae and using it production of biofuel. Tikrit J Pure Sci. 2018; 23:47-54.
Al-Katib M, Al-Shahery Y, Al-Niemi A. Biosynthesis of silver nano particles by Cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. Inter J Enhanc Res Sci. 2015; 4:60-73.
Vogel L. Practical Organic Chemistry, Third Ed. Longman Group Limited, London. 1973. 133-140 p.
Asaad SO. Molecular identification for active constituents from some Cyanobacteria locally isolated and noticing their
effects on isolation of disease bacteria. MSc Dissertation, College of Education for Pure Sciences. University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. 2019. 110-112 p.
Ju YG. Microalga photobio reactor treatment domestic wastewater and production biofuels. Master of Applied Science, University of Krkik, Iraq. 2015. 42-44 p.
Ali GH, Shawek D, Laft AR. Effect of activities of compound product from alga Gloeocapsa punctate and screening for fatty acids against some bacteria. J Center Biotechnol Res. 2006; 3:35-39.
Criage HR. Production of biodiesel from micro algae and treatment domestic wastewater. MSc dissertation, Agriculture College, Dalhousie Uuniversity, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 2015. 28-33 p.
Kim AD, Lee Y, Kang SH, Kim G, and Hyun JW. Cytotoxic effect of clerosterol isolated from condium fragile on Azo 58 human melanoma cells. Drugs. 2013; 11(2):418-430.
Bharat M, Irshad RA and Fatma T. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Cyanobacteria. Inter J Inno Res Sci Engr Tech. 2013; 2:4328-4343.
Ansert DM, SubbulakShmi G, Madhav DM and Ven Kataraman LV. Studies on the proteins of mass cultivated blue green algae (Spirulina platensis). Agri Food Chem. 1983; 29:522-525.
Al-Juboory MH. The bio ability of some types of micro algae to treatment waste water and production of bio fuel. Ph.D. Thesis, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq. 2017. 60-70 p.
Mahajan G and Kamat M. γ-Linolenic acid production from spirulina platensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995; 43:466-469.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
