Biocompatibility of Acemannan Paste as A Root Canal Filler and Its Antibacterial Activity against Enterococcus faecalis in Rat Teeth Model
Article Sidebar
Views | PDF/EPUB Downloads:
406
/ 103
/ 60
Main Article Content
Abstract
Aloe vera together with its Acemannan component has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against resistant microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis found in pulp chambers. This study aimed to determine the biocompatibility of Acemannan as a root canal filler and its antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The study employed an experimental design with a post-test-only control design. Acemannan paste was prepared from a mixture of Acemannan powder and saline. The antibacterial activity of Acemannan paste was evaluated using the tube dilution and streak plate methods. The biocampactibility of Acemannan paste as a root canal filler was determined by evaluating its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity in vivo by measuring tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Caspase-9 expressions in periapical tissues of the incisor of Wistar rats following the administration of Acemannan paste for 7 days. Results showed that Acemannan possess antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 300 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL, respectively. Acemannan paste exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity against pathological cells by significantly (p < 0.05) decreasing TNF-α expression, and increasing caspase-9 expression in periapical tissues of incisor teeth of Wistar rats. Findings from this study indicate that Acemannan paste with its potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activities has potential to be used as a root canal filler.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1.Nonong YH, Patawulandari S, Satari M, Indriyanti R. Antibacterial Test Between Aloe vera and Chlorhexidine based on The Number of Colony of Streptococcus mutans ATCC25175 In Vitro. Int J Sci Res. 2016; 5(1):1379–1385. Doi: 10.21275/V5I1.NOV153049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21275/v5i1.NOV153049
2.Sadgrove NJ and Simmonds MSJ. Pharmacodynamics of Aloe vera and Acemannan in therapeutic applications for skin, digestion, and immunomodulation. Phytother Res. 2021; 35(12):6572–6584. Doi: 10.1002/ptr.7242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7242
3.Yuli N, Wibi R, Nur P, Edy W, Dradjat RS. Effect of Aloe vera gel on the expression of FGF-2, TGF-β, and Smad3 in the root surface of rat teeth after traumatic avulsion. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12(9):4405–4409. Doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00758.3
4.Mangaiyarkarasi SP, Manigandan T, Elumalai M, Cholan P, Kaur R. Benefits of Aloe vera in dentistry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015; 7(1):S255-259. Doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.155943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.155943
5.Sangur R, Bajwa W, Mahajan T, Banerjea A. Aloe vera: An Ancient Option for Modern Day Dental Problems-A Review. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2016; 3(8):2351-2354.
6.Mehrabani D, Sholehvar F, Yaghmaei P, Zare S, Razeqhian-Jahromi I, Jalli R, Hamzavai M, Mehrabani G, Zamiri B, Karimi-Busheri F. The impact of acemannan, an extracted product from Aloe vera, on the proliferation of dental pulp stem cells and healing of mandibular defects in rabbits. Am J Stem Cells. 2024; 13(2):75-86. Doi: 10.62347/UAFC3719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62347/UAFC3719
7.Chantarawaratit P, Sangvanich P, Banlunara W, Soontornvipart K, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan sponges stimulate the alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament regeneration in a canine class II furcation defect model. J Periodontal Res. 2014; 49(2):164–178.Doi: 10.1111/JRE.12090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12090
8.Le VC, Thi THP, Sangvanich P, Chuenchompoonut V, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan induces rapid early osseous defect healing after apical surgery: A 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Sci. 2020; 15(3):302–309. Doi: 10.1016/J.JDS.2019.09.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2019.09.012
9.Pal S, Raj M, Singh M, Saurav K, Paliwal C, Saha S, Sharma AK, Singh M. The Effect of Aloe vera on Skin and Its Commensals: Contribution of Acemannan in Curing Acne Caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Microorg. 2024; 12(10):1-11. Doi: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS12102070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12102070
10.Matsuo T, Nakao K, Hara K. Inhibitory Effects of the Heat-Killed Lactic Acid Bacterium Enterococcus faecalis on the Growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Curr Ther Res. 2024; 100:100731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100731
11.Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. 2020; 25(6):1-37. Doi: 10.3390/MOLECULES25061324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324
12.Rizqi J and Amestiasih T. Effect of Honey and Aloe vera Combination on Proliferation in NIH3T3 Fibroblast Cell Line: An In Vitro Study. Penelitian. 2021; 1-7.
13.Ravishankar and Kumar A. Ethno-Botanical Approach for Root Canal Treatment –An Update. J Pharm Sci Res. 2011; 3(10):1511-1519.
14.Bai Y, Niu Y, Qin S, Ma G. A New Biomaterial Derived from Aloe vera—Acemannan from Basic Studies to Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(7):1-43. Doi: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS15071913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071913
15.Salah F, Ghoul YE, Mahdhi A, Majdoub H, Jarroux N, Sakli F. Effect of the deacetylation degree on the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Acemannan from Aloe vera. Ind Crops Prod. 2017; 103:13–18. Doi: 10.1016/J.INDCROP.2017.03.031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.03.031
16.Jansisyanont P, Tiyapongprapan S, Chuenchompoonut V, Sangvanich P, Thunyakitpisal P. The effect of Acemannan sponges in post-extraction socket healing: A randomized trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2016; 28:105–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.07.006
17.Vu NB, Chuenchompoonut V, Jansisyanont P, Sangvanich P, Pham TH, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan-induced tooth socket healing: A 12-month randomized controlled trial. J Dent Sci. 2021; 16(2):643–653. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.10.003
18.Alghamdi F and Shakir M. The Influence of Enterococcus faecalis as a Dental Root Canal Pathogen on Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2020; 12:1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7257
19.Fan X, Li X, Wan K, Zhao X, Deng Y, Chen Z, Luan X, Lu S, Liu H. Construction and immunogenicity of a T cell epitope-based subunit vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine. 2021; 39(47):6860–6865. Doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.034
20.Liu C, Chu D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, George J, Young HA, Liu G. Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification. Adv Sci. 2021; 8(15):1-29. Doi: 10.1002/ADVS.202004433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202004433
21.Liu BM, Martins TB, Peterson LK, Hill HR. Clinical significance of measuring serum cytokine levels as inflammatory biomarkers in adult and pediatric COVID-19 cases: A review. Cytokine. 2021; 142:1043-4666. Doi: 10.1016/J.CYTO.2021.155478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155478
22.Liu C, Cui Y, Pi F, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities and pharmacological applications of Acemannan, a polysaccharide from aloe vera: A review. Molecules. 2019; 24(8):1-22. Doi: 10.3390/MOLECULES24081554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081554
23.Jayawardena TU, Asanka SKK, Nagahawatta D. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Sargassum Swartzii in Macrophages via Blocking TLR/NF-Κb Signal Transduction. Mar Drugs. 2020; 18(12):601. Doi: 10.3390/MD18120601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120601
24.Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Feng J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2018; 9(6):7204-7218. Doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.23208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23208
25.Martelli D, Farmer DGS, Yao ST. The splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway: could it be the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex? Exp. Physiol. 2016; 101(10):1245–1252. Doi: 10.1113/EP085559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085559
26.Songsiripradubboon S, Kladkaew S, Trairatvorakul C, Sangvanich P, Soontornvipart K, Banlunara W,
Thunyakitpisal P. Stimulation of Dentin Regeneration by Using Acemannan in Teeth with Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulp Inflammation. J Endod. 2017; 43(7):1097–1103. Doi: 10.1016/J.JOEN.2017.01.037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.037
27.Zou J, Shankar N. Enterococcus faecalis infection activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling to block apoptotic cell death in macrophages. Infect Immun. 2014; 82(12):5132-5142. doi: 10.1128/IAI.02426-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.02426-14
28.Chou MH, Chen YH, Cheng MT, Chiang HC, Chen HW, Wang CW. Potential of methacrylated Acemannan for exerting antioxidant-, cell proliferation-, and cell migration-inducing activities in vitro. BMC Complement. Med Ther. 2023; 23(1):1–10. Doi: 10.1186/S12906-023-04022-8/FIGURES/6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04022-8