Formulation of Peel-Off Mask Containing Natural Antibacterial: Study on Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Contents doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i3.16
Main Article Content
Abstract
Some natural antibacterials have been investigated widely. Virgin Coconut Oil is one of natural resources which has been known to have antibacterial activity. Lauric acid as main component of VCO has been observed to have antibacterial activity for acne treatment. VCO and the extract have been tested previously for antibacterial activity. This research aims to prepare peel-off mask of VCO kopyor and investigate the effect of PVA and VCO concentration on the physical characteristics. VCO 20% and 30% were formulated containing Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) in various concentrations (8% and 10%). The emulgel peel-off mask was then evaluated for viscosity, pH, drying time, spreadability, particle size and distribution, zeta potential, antibacterial activity, and also stability thermal cycling evaluation at the temperature 40°±2°C and 4°C±2°C in 3 cycles. The selected optimum formula was formula 1 containing 20% of VCO and 8% of PVA. This formula has a pH that is suitable with skin pH 4.5-6.5, had no significant difference in zeta potential, good spreadability, and provided antibacterial activity that had no significance different from other formulas that contain more concentration of VCO and PVA. In Vitro characteristics of peel-off VCO mask demonstrated potential therefore it is recommended for further in vivo study for acne diseases.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Titus S and Hodge J. Diagnosis and treatment of acne. Am Fam Physician. 2012; 86(8):734-740.
Norita and Malfasari E. Correlation between Acne Vulgaris and Teenager’s Performance. J Keperawatan. 2017; 9(1):6-12.
Ramdani R and Sibero HT. Treatment for Acne Vulgaris. J Majority. 2015; 4(2):87-92.
Rahmi AH, Cahyanto T, Sujarwo T, Lestari RI. Antibacterial activity test of beluntas leaf extract (Pluchea indica Linn) LESS) against Propionibacterium acnes which causes acne. Thesis. Faculty of Sains and Teknologi UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. 2015; 9(1):141-161.
Nakatsuji T, Kao MC, Fang JY, Zouboulis CC, Zhang L, Gallo RL, Huang CM. Antimicrobial property of lauric acid against Propionibacterium acnes: therapeutic potential for inflammatory Acne Vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2009; 129(10):2480-2488.
Sia CM, Yim HS, Lai CM. Commercial Virgin Coconut Oil: Assesment of Antimicrobial Potential. As J Food AgInd. 2010; 3(6):567-579.
Susanto TD, Sujatno M, Kuswinarti, Yuwono HS. Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil Antibacterial on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Med. 2015; 4(8):274-281.
Santoso U, Kubo K, Ota T, Tadakoro T, Maekawa A. Nutrient Composition of Kopyor Coconuts (Cocos nuciferaL.). Elsevier Sci Ltd, 1995; 57(2):299-304.
Agarwa RK and Bosco SJD. Extraction Processes of Virgin Coconut Oil. MOJ Food Process Technol. 2017; 4(2):54-56.
Dumancas G, Viswanath LCK, Leon AR, Ramasahayam S, Maples R, Koralege RH, Perera Undugodage DN, Langford J, Shakir A, Castles S. Health benefits of Virgin Coconut Oil. In: Vegetable Oil: Properties, Uses, and Benefits Chapter: 6. Nova Sci Pub Inc. 2016; 6:1-33.
Beringhs AO, Julia MR, Hellen KS, Rosane MB, Diva S. Green clay and aloe vera peel-off facial masks: response surface methodology applied to the formulation design. APPS Pharm Sci Tech. 2013; 14(1):445-455.
Andini T and Yusriadi Y. Optimization of Polyvinyl Alcohol Former Film and Propylene Glycol Humectant on Formula of Gel Peel-off Mask of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne as Antioxidant. Galenika J Pharm. 2017; 3(2):165-173.
Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press. 2009; 564-565.
Aprilia N, Darma GCE, Lestari F. Formulation of Gel Peeloff Mask of Cymbopogon winteranus Jowitt Oil and Activity on Staphylococus epidermidis. Proceeding Pharm. 2016; 2(2):177-183.
Anisah MR. Physical stability of tretinoin nanoemulsion system compared to conventional emulsion system using Virgin Coconut Oil. Thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga. 2017; 1-20.
Shahtalebi MA, Gholam RA, Rahmani F, Shafiee F, Najafabadi AJ. Formulation of herbal gel of Antirrhinum majus extract and evaluation of its anti-Propionibacterium acne effect. Adv Biomed Press. 2018; 7:53.
Sandle T. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2016; 47
Zettira NZ. Antibacterial activity of Rosella Water extract gel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) - HPMC 6000 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga. 2016; 1-12.
Fitriani EW, Imelda E, Kornelis C, Avanti C. Characteristics and physical stability of type W/O microemulsion with various oil phases. Pharm Sci Res. 2016; 3(1):34.
Budiman A, Diah LA, Arif SWK, Insan S. Peel-off gel Formulation from Black Mulberries (Morus nigra) extracts anti-acne mask. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017; 7(9):987-994.
Mardiyadi E, Muttaqien SE, Setyawati DR, Rosidah I, Sriningsih. Preparation and application of chitosan nanoarticles as oral insulin delivery systems. Prosiding INSINAS MT-25. 2012; 25-30.
Novarianto H and Tulalo M. Lauric acid content of various coconut varieties as VCO raw material. Jurnal Litri. 2007; 13(1).
Barlina R. Potency of Kopyor Coconut Meat as an Ingredient of Healthy Food. Perspektif. 2021; 19(2):95-104.
Smaoui S, Hlima HB, Jarraya R, Kamoun NG, Ellouze R, Damak M. Cosmetic emulsion from Virgin Coconut Oil: formulation and bio-physical evaluation. Afr J Biotechnol. 2012; 11(40):9664-9671.
Ansel HC. Pharmaceutical dosage forms (4th Ed.). Jakarta: UI Press. 2005; 1260-1309.
Yani S, Aladin A, Wiyani L, Modding B. Evaluation of viscosity and pH on emulsions of Virgin Coconut Oilbeverages. IOP Conf. Series: EES 175. 2018; 1-7.
Affianti HP and Murrukmihadi M. Influence of Variation Levels HPMC as Gelling Agent againts Physical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Preparation Gel Ethanolic Extract of Basil Leaves. Majalah Farmaseutik. 2015; 11(2):1-9.
Priani SE, Irawati I, Darma GCE. Mangosteen Fruit Skin Peel-Off Gel Mask Formulation (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). IJPST. 2015; 2(3):90-95.
Iradhati AH and Jufri M. Formulation and physical stability test of griseofulvin microemulsion gel. Int J Appl Pharm. 2017; 9:23-26.
WHO. Annex 10: Stability testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished pharmaceutical products. Accessed from
Nidhin M, Indumathy R, Sreeram KJ, Nair BU. Synthesis of iron systems containing Cyclodextrins to Improve the solubility of 2 model hydrophobic drugs. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech. 2008; 4(1):10.
Wisniewska M, Ostolska I, Karpisz KS, Chibowski S, Terpilowski K, Gun’ko VM, Zarko VI. Investigation of the Poly Vinyl Alcohol stabilization mechanism and adsorption properties on the surface of ternary mixed nanooxide AST 50 (Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2). J Nanopart Res. 2015; 17:12.