Ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) as a Potent Medicinal Plant for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i4.2
Keywords:
Diabetes, Ginger, Gingerol, Herbal, Pharmacology, Zingiber officinaleAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the world’s fastest-growing disease, and Indonesia ranks sixth. The raw materials used in pharmaceutical drug-assisted healing are expensive. As a result, alternative drugs that are low in cost and produced sustainably are required. The aim of this article was to examine the bioactive content of secondary metabolites from ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) that are involved in the prevention and treatment of DM, the mechanism of the bioactive content in the healing process, and its potential as an ingredient in herbal products. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) was used to carry out the review process. Identification, selection, validation, and review of articles were the steps taken. According to the outcome of the literature survey, the chemical composition of ginger includes both volatile and non-volatile compounds. The volatile compounds include monoterpene and sesquiterpene derivatives, while the nonvolatile compounds are gingerols, shogaols, and paradols. Ginger has anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and hypolipidemic properties, as well as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiglycation, and androgenic properties. Furthermore, studies have shown that ginger has effects on carbohydrate metabolism, organ morphology, and metabolic profile. In North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, the production value of ginger is the highest among other biopharmaceutical plants. The findings of this review show that chemical compounds found in ginger, such as 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, play a role in the prevention of DM, while galanolactone, diterpenoid, and gingerol aid in the treatment of Ginger has promising prospects as a treatment for and prevention of diabetes.
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