Effect of Lactobacillus Species on the Expression of Gene Related to Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i3.5
Main Article Content
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, in relation to the expression of genes encoding the enzymes glucosyltransferases, leading to formation of biofilm has been associated with tooth decay. Several reports have suggested that species of Lactobacillus provide probiotic effect against oral cavity. The current research was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus species on the expression of gene associated with biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Eighty-six saliva swab samples were obtained from patients suffering from tooth decay. Streptococcus species was isolated from saliva samples and characterized using cultural and biochemical methods. Species identity of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Biofilm formation assay was set up using culture of S. mutans (control) or co-cultures with either of the two species of Lactobacillus, respectively. RT-qPCR was used to examine the expressions of gtfB gene in all the incubated cell cultures. The results revealed that out of the 86 test saliva samples, 34.8% was positive for Streptococcus mutans. The molecular identification revealed the identities of the species of Lactobacillus to be salivarius and L. acidophilus. It was observed that both L. acidophilus and L. salivarius lowered biofilm formation by S. mutans to a significant level. Furthermore, there was an increase in the level of gtfB gene expression in S. mutans when co-cultured with L. salivarius (2.9-fold) or L. acidophilus (1.9-fold), compared with a lone culture of S. mutans. Our finding indicates the role of Lactobacillus species in the control of dental caries.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Taheur FB, Kouidhi B, Fdhila K, Elabed H, Ben Slama R, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A, Chaieb K. Anti‐bacterial and anti‐biofilm activity of probiotic bacteria against oral pathogens. Microb Pathog. 2016; 97:213-220.
Mathews MJ, Mathews EH, Mathews GE. Oral health and coronary heart disease. BMC Oral Health. 2016; 16:1-10.
Dietrich T, Webb I, Stenhouse L, Pattni A, Ready D, Wanyonyi KL, White S, Gallagher JE. Evidence summary: the relationship between oral and cardiovascular disease. Br Dent J. 2017; 222:381-385.
Wasfi R, Abd El-Rahman OA, Zafer MM, Ashour HM. Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm
formation and gene expression of caries‐inducing Streptococcus mutans. J Cell Mol Med. 2018; 22.3:1972-
Tong Z, Zhou L, Li J, Kuang R, Lin Y, Ni L. An in vitro investigation of Lactococcus lactis antagonizing cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 2012; 57:376-382.
Abranches J, Miller JH, Martinez AR, Simpson-Haidaris PJ, Burne RA, Lemos JA. The collagen‐binding protein Cnm is required for Streptococcus mutans adherence to and intracellular invasion of human coronary artery endothelialcells. Infect Immun. 2011; 79:2277-2284.
Banas JA and Vickerman MM. Glucan-binding proteins of the oral Streptococci. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003; 14(2):89-99.
Banas JA. Virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. Front Biosci. 2004; 9(10):1267-1277.
Wen ZT and Burne RA. LuxS-mediated signaling in Streptococcus mutans is involved in regulation of acid and oxidative stress tolerance and biofilm formation. J Bacteriol. 2004; 186(9):2682-2691.
Hatakka K, Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Richardson M, Poussa T, Meurman JH, Korpela R. Probiotics reduce the prevalence of oral Candida in the elderly—a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res. 2007; 86.2:125-130.
Haukioja A, Söderling E, Tenovuo J. Acid production from sugars and sugar alcohols by probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro. Caries Res. 2008; 42(6):449-453.
Stecksen-Blicks C, Sjostrom I, Twetman S. Effect of longterm consumption of milk supplemented with probiotic lactobacilli and fluoride on dental caries and general health in preschool children: a cluster-randomized study. Caries Res. 2009; 43(5):374-381.
Ahmed A, Dachang W, Lei Z, Jianjun L, Juanjuan Q, Yi X. Effect of Lactobacillus species on Streptococcus mutansbiofilm formation. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014; 27(5):1523-1528.
Jeong D, Kim DH, Song KY, Seo KH. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DD2 against oral pathogens. J Oral microbial. 2018; 10(1):1472985.
Lee SH and Kim YJ. A comparative study of the effect of probiotics on cariogenic biofilm model for preventing dental caries. Arch Microbiol. 2014; 196(8):601-609.
Kreth J, Merritt J, Qi F. Bacterial and host interactions of oral streptococci. DNA Cell Biol. 2009; 28(8):397-403.
Forssten SD, Björklund M, Ouwehand AC. Streptococcusmutans, caries and simulation models. Nutrients 2010; 2(3):290-298.
Vuotto C, Longo F, Donelli G. Probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections: promising and conflicting data. Int J Oral Sci. 2014; 6(4):189-194.
Savabi O, Kazemi M, Kamali S, Salehi AR, Eslami G, Tahmourespour A, Salehi R. Effects of biosurfactant
produced by Lactobacillus casei on gtfB, gtfC, and ftf gene expression level in S. mutans by real-time RT-PCR. Adv Biomed Res. 2014; 3:231.
subspecies (subsp. vulgare and subsp. hirtum) essential oils. Ind Crops and Pro. 2015; 70:178-184.
Tohidi B, Rahimmalek M, Arzani A. Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chem. 2017; 220:153-161.
Okwu DE, Morah FNI, Anam EM. Isolation and characterization of phenanthrenic alkaloid uvariopsine from Dennettia tripetala fruits. J Med Arom Plant Sci. 2005; 27:496-498.
Enwere NJ. Foods of plant origin. Afro-Orbis Publications Ltd., University of Nigeria, Nsukka. fractions. Cereal Chem. 1998; 48:312-316.
Ukeh DA, Adie EB, Ukeh JA. Insecticidal and repellent activities of pepper fruit, Dennettia tripetala (G. Baker) against the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius). Biopest Int. 2011; 7(1):15-23.
Anioke I, Okwuosa C, Uchendu I, Chijioke O, DozieNwakile O, Ikegwuonu I, Kalu P, Okafor M. Investigation into Hypoglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Renoprotective Potentials of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper Fruit) Seed in a Rat Model of Diabetes. BioMed Res Int. 2017; 2017. Article ID 6923629.