Inhibitory Effects of Some Jordanian Medicinal Plants on In Vitro Viability of Protoscolices of Hydatid Cysts doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i4.19
Main Article Content
Abstract
The common scolicidal agents used for the immobilization of protoscolices of hydatid cyst are mostly associated with side effects. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the methanol extracts of Ruta graveolens, Peganum harmala L. and seeds of Citrullus colocynthis L effects on hydatid cysts. The protoscolices were collected from hydatid cyst-infected sheep and goats and subjected to various concentrations of methanol extracts of the three plants (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/mL) at different exposure times in vitro. Albendazole (ABZ) was used as a control. graveolens extract (40 mg/mL) killed 100% of the protoscolices in 75 minutes (1.25 hour) while the other concentrations (10, 20, 30 mg/mL) led to 100% mortality of the protoscolices at the maximum period of 12 hours, after treatment. Whereas, a 21% and maximum scolicidal effect (95%) were obtained using 20 mg/mL ABZ as control after 2 and 24-hour exposure period, respectively. The highest deadly effects obtained from P. Harmala and C. colocynthis extracts were 50 and 15%, respectively, using maximum concentrations (40 mg/mL), after 24 hours of treatment. Moreover, various concentrations of the R. graveolens extracts were very superior (P < 0.05) to the two plants and ABZ as control. The anti-fibroblast study showed that the use of 100 mg/mL of R. graveolens extract resulted in extremely low cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 65.78 mg/mL. Thus, the significant effects of this extract on the rotoscolices reveal a new antihydatic activity using R. graveolens as a source of scolicidal agents.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Al-Musawi SAA. Evaluate effectiveness of aqueous extract of the Eucalyptus glubules plant leaves on the growth and vitality of Hydatid Cysts Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus In Vitro. Paper presented at: Journal of Physics. 2019; Conf. Ser. 1234(1):1-6.
Malekifard F and Keramati F. Susceptibility of Protoscoleces of Hydatid Cyst to Various Concentrations of Oak Gall (Quercus infectoria Olivier) Extract at Different Exposure Times In Vitro. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2018;20(5):1-6.
Hijjawi NS, Al-Radaideh AM, Rababah EM, Al-Qaoud KM, Bani-Hani KE. Cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: a review of causative species, previous studies, serological and radiological diagnosis. Acta tropica. 2018; 179:10-16.
Nasrieh MA and Abdel-Hafez SK. Echinococcus granulosus in Jordan: assessment of various antigenic preparations for use in the serodiagnosis of surgically confirmed cases using enzyme immuno assays and the indirect haemagglutination test. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.2004; 48(2) 117-123.
Ajlouni AQ, Saliba EK, Disi AM. Intestinal cestodes of stray dogs in Jordan. Z Parasitenk. 1984; 70(2):203-210.
Monteiro DU, Azevedo MI, Weiblen C, Botton SDA, Funk NL, Da Silva CDB, Zanette RA, Schwanz TG, DE LA RUE ML. In vitro and ex vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia against protoscoleces of Echinococcus ortleppi. Parasitol. 2017; 144(2):214.
Ohiolei JA, Yan H-B, Li L, Zhu G-Q, Muku RJ, Wu Y-T, Jia W-Z. Review of cystic echinococcosis in Nigeria: a story of neglect. Acta parasitol. 2020; 65(1):1-10.
Mahmoudvand H, Harandi MF, Shakibaie M, Aflatoonian MR, ZiaAli N, Makki MS, Jahanbakhsh S. Scolicidal effects of biogenic selenium nanoparticles against protoscolices of hydatid cysts. Int J Surg. 2014; 12(5):399-403.
Yones DA, Taher GA, Ibraheim ZZ. In vitro effects of some herbs used in Egyptian traditional medicine on viability of protoscolices of hydatid cysts. Korean J Parasitol. 2011; 49(3):255.
Carvalho LSAd, Queiroz LS, Alves Junior IJ, Almeida AdC, Coimbra ES, de Faria Pinto P, Silva MPNd, De Moraes J, Da Silva Filho AA. In vitro schistosomicidal activity of the alkaloid-rich fraction from Ruta graveolens L.(Rutaceae) and its characterization by UPLC-QTOF-MS.
Evid-Based Compl Altern Med. 2019; 2019:1-8.
Benedito RB, Alves MF, Pereira WB, de Arruda Torres P, Costa JP, da Rocha Tomé A, de Cássia da Silveira e Sá R, de Sousa DP, Ferreira PMP, de Freitas RM. Perillyl Alcohol: Antinociceptive Effects and Histopathological Analysis in Rodent Brains. Nat Prod Commun. 2017;12(9):1385-1389.
Oran S and Al-Eisawi D. Check-list of medicinal plants in Jordan. Dirasat. 1998; 25(2):84-112.
Oran SA. The status of medicinal plants in Jordan. J Agric Sci Technol. 2014; 4:46-467.
Althunibat OY, Qaralleh H, Al-Dalin SYA, Abboud M, Khleifat K, Majali IS, Aldal'in H, Rayyan WA, Jaafraa A. Effect of thymol and carvacrol, the major components of Thymus capitatus on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2016; 10(1):367-374.
Alqaraleh M, Kasabri V, Aljaafreh A, Al-Majali I, AlOthman N, Khleifat K, Khaleel S, Al‐Tawarah NM, Qaralleh H, Al-majali M. Evaluation of the antiglysation effect of branched chain amino acids and phytochemical compounds on RAW 264.7 cell line and their synergistic effect on colorectal cell line panel. Trop J Nat Prod Res.
; 5(1):88-93.
Yousef I, Oran S, Alqaraleh M, Bustanji Y. Evaluation of cytotoxic, antioxident and antibacterial activities of Origanum dayi, Salvia palaestina and Bongardia chrysogonum plants growing wild in Jordan. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(1):66-70.
De Queiroz AC, Dias TdLMF, Da Matta CBB, Cavalcante Silva LHA, de Araújo-Júnior JX, Araújo GBd, Moura FdBP, Alexandre-Moreira MS. Antileishmanial activity of medicinal plants used in endemic areas in northeastern Brazil. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med. 2014; 2014:1-9.
Amabye TG and Shalkh TM. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antibacterial activity of Ruta graveolens L.-A medicinal plant grown around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Nat Prod Chem Res. 2015; 3(6):115-118.
Alqaraleh M and Kasabri V. The antiglycation effect of monomethyl branched chained fatty acid and phytochemical
compounds and their synergistic effect on obesity related colorectal cancer cell panel. Romanian J Diabetes Nutr Metab Dis. 2019; 26(4):361-369.
Moloudizargari M, Mikaili P, Aghajanshakeri S, Asghari MH, Shayegh J. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacogn Rev.2013; 7(14):199.
Moazeni M, Borji H, Darbandi MS, Saharkhiz MJ. In vitro and in vivo antihydatid activity of a nano emulsion of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Res Vet Sci. 2017; 114:308-312.
Mamedov NA, Pasdaran A, Mamadalieva NZM. Pharmacological studies of Syrian rue (Peganum harmalaL., Zygophyllaceae). I J Second Metab. 2018; 5(1):1-6.
Rezaee M and Hajighasemi F. Sensitivity of hematopoietic malignant cells to Peganum harmala seed extract in vitro. J Basic Clin Pathophysiol. 2019; 7(1):21-26.
AL-Khlifeh, EM, Khleifat KM, Al-Tawarah N, Al-Limoun M, Abdel-Ghani A, Alsharafa K, Qaralleh H. Genetic diversity and chemical composition of Juniperus phoeniceaL reflect on Its antimicrobial activity. Int J Pharm Res. 2021; 13(1):3409-3426
Ahmed CN, Hamad KK, Qadir FA. Haemonchus contortus as a model in assessing activity of Citrullus colocynthisfruit extract to control benzimidazole-resistant parasitic nematodes. Zanco J Pure Appl Sci. 2019; 31(5):61-70.
Al Qaisi YT, Khleifat KM, Oran SA. In Vitro Quantitative Assessment of Viability of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces after Treatment with Ruta graveolens L. Methanol Extract. Int J Pharm Res. 2021; 13(1):3841-3850.
Singleton VL and Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic. 1965; 16(3):144-158.
Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999; 64(4):555-559.
Tamilselvi N, Krishnamoorthy P, Dhamotharan R, Arumugam P, Sagadevan E. Analysis of total phenols, total tannins and screening of phytocomponents in Indigofera aspalathoides (Shivanar Vembu) Vahl EX DC. J Chem Pharm Res. 2012; 4(6):3259-3262.
Smyth J and Barrett N. Procedures for testing the viability of human hydatid cysts following surgical removal, especially after chemotherapy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1980;74(5):649-652.
Al-Arabi F, Mehdi M, Farooqui M, Pradhan V. The effect of Aloe vera extracts on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. Int Res J Pharm. 2019; 10(4):184-189.
Al-Eryani M. Comparative study on the efficiency on Ivermectin drug and Peganum harmala seed extract on protoscoleces hydatid cyst, MSc Thesis, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad; 2002.
Blanton RE, Wachira TM, Zeyhle EE, Njoroge EM, Magambo JK, Schantz PM. Oxfendazole treatment for cystic hydatid disease in naturally infected animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998; 42(3):601-605.
Tarawneh K, Irshaid F, Jaran A, Ezealarab M, Khleifat K. Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants in northern part of Jordan. J Biol Sci. 2010; 10(4):325-332.
Alqaraleh M, Kasabri V, Al-Othman N. Evaluation of Pancreatic and Extra Pancreatic Effects of Branched Amino Acids. Romanian J Diabetes Nutr Metab Dis. 2019; 26(2):199-209.
Alqaraleh M, Kasabri V, Mashallah S. Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Branched Chain Amino Acids. J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018; 1(2):108-118.
Khleifat KM, Matar SA, Jaafreh M, Qaralleh H, Al-limoun MO, Alsharafa KY. Essential Oil of Centaurea damascena Aerial Parts, Antibacterial and Synergistic Effect. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2019; 22(2):356-367.
Al-Tawarah NM, Qaralleh H, Khlaifat AM, Nofal MN, Alqaraleh M, Khleifat KM, Al-limoun MO, Al Shhab MA. Anticancer and ntibacterial Properties of Verthemia Iphionides Essential Oil/Silver anoparticles. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2020; 13(3):1175-1185. 39. Vijay Avin BR, Thirusangu P, Lakshmi Ranganatha V, Firdouse A, Prabhakar BT, Khanum SA. Synthesis and tumor inhibitory activity of novel coumarin analogs targeting angiogenesis and apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem.2014; 75:211-221.
Tarawneh M, Al-Jaafreh AM, Al-Dal'in H, Qaralleh H, Alqaraleh M, Khataibeh M. Roasted date and barley beans as an alternative’s coffee drink: micronutrient and caffeine composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Syst Rev Pharm. 2021; 12(1):1079-1083.
Niazi M, Saki M, Sepahvand M, Jahanbakhsh S, Khatami M, Beyranvand M. In vitro and ex vivo scolicidal effects of Olea europaea L. to inactivate the protoscolecs during hydatid cyst surgery. Ann Med Surg. 2019; 42:7-10.
Mahmoudvand H, Fallahi S, Mahmoudvand H, Shakibaie M, Harandi MF, Dezaki ES. Efficacy of Myrtus communis L. to inactivate the hydatid cyst protoscoleces. J Invest Surg. 2016; 29(3):137-143.
Galehdar N, Niazi M, Jahanbakhsh S, Mahmoudvand H, Rouientan A. Evaluation of Protoscolicidal Effects of Nectaroscordum Koelzi Methanol Extract Against Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces. Entomol Appl Sci Lett. 2018; 5(1):72-76.
McCutcheon A, Ellis S, Hancock R, Towers G. Antibiotic screening of medicinal plants of the British Columbian native peoples. J Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 37(3):213-223.
Qaralleh H, Khleifat KM, Al-Limoun MO, Alzedaneen FY, Al-Tawarah N. Antibacterial and synergistic effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using the fungi Tritirachium oryzae W5H with essential oil of Centaurea damascena to enhance conventional antibiotics activity. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019; 10(2):025016.
Mahmoudvand H, Dezaki ES, Kheirandish F, Ezatpour B, Jahanbakhsh S, Harandi MF. Scolicidal effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) essential oil on hydatid cysts. Korean J Parasitol. 2014; 52(6):653-659.
Al-Asoufi A, Khlaifat A, Tarawneh A, Alsharafa K, AlLimoun M, Khleifat K. Bacterial Quality of Urinary Tract Infections in Diabetic and Non Diabetics of the Population of Ma'an Province, Jordan. Pak J Biol Sci. 2017; 20(4):179-188.
Khleifat KM, Abboud M, Omar S, Al-Kurishy J. Urinary tract infection in South Jordanian population. J Med Sci. 2006; 6(1):5-11.
Khleifat KM, Abboud MM, Al-Mustafa AH, Al-Sharafa KY. Effects of carbon source and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) on the production of β-galactosidase in Enterobacter aerogenes. Curr Microbiol. 2006; 53(4):277-281.
Abboud MM, Aljundi IH, Khleifat KM, Dmour S. Biodegradation kinetics and modeling of whey lactose by bacterial hemoglobin VHb-expressing Escherichia coli strain. Biochem Eng J. 2010; 48(2):166-172.
Nabaei M, Mesbah A, Ghavami H, Saeidinia A, Keihanian F. Effects of Ruta graveolens extract on Histopathologic changes in mice livers. Int J Pharm Res Scholars. 2014;3(2):675-680.
Schelz Z, Ocsovszki I, Bozsity N, Hohmann J, Zupko I. Antiproliferative effects of various furanoacridones isolated from Ruta graveolens on human breast cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res. 2016; 36(6):2751-2758.
Varamini P, Soltani M, Ghaderi A. Cell cycle analysis and cytotoxic potential of Ruta graveolens against human tumor cell lines. Neoplasma. 2009; 56(6):490-493.
Richardson JSM, Aminudin N, Abd Malek SN. Chalepin: A compound from Ruta angustifolia L. pers exhibits cell cycle arrest at S phase, suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and extrinsic apoptotic pathway in non-small cell lung cancer carcinoma (A549). Pharmacogn Mag. 2017; 13(Suppl 3):489-498.
Arora S and Tandon S. DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest: a hallmark of apoptosis induced by Ruta graveolens in human colon cancer cells. Homeopathy. 2015; 104(1):36-47.