Euphorbia graminea Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae): In-Vitro Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Assessment of the Extract and Fractions of the Leaves doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.29
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Abstract
The genus Euphorbia is known to have several medicinal applications in ethnomedicine. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biological properties of the extract and fractions of E. graminea using the Brine shrimp and Tadpole lethality, seed radicle and fronds inhibition as well as the anticancer activity using the SRB antiproliferative assays. The methanol extract of the leaves of E. graminea was partitioned using distilled water and chloroform. Phytochemical screening and the biological activities were carried out. The Brine Shrimp and Phytotoxic assays were carried out at concentrations between 10-1000 µg/mL, while the seed radicle, tadpole and SRB-antiproliferative assay were carried out at 1-30 mg/mL, 20-400 µg/mL and 1-250 µg/mL respectively for the extract and fractions of E. graminea. The chloroform fraction was observed to be 100% cytotoxic against the Brine Shrimps and Tadpoles at the highest concentrations of 1000 and 400 µg/mL, respectively. The crude extract and the chloroform fraction completely inhibited radicle growth at 30 mg/mL. For the phytotoxicity assay, an FI50 of 81.03 and 25.15 µg/mL was recorded for the chloroform fraction and paraquat, respectively. The chloroform fraction recorded LC50 of 72.54 µg/mL against 6.12 µg/mL by doxorubicin. These findings suggest the potential cytotoxic, phytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the leaves of E. graminea.
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