Refined Camphor (Kafura Pelebe) Modulates Thoracic Aortae Vasomotor Tone of Rats doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.24
Main Article Content
Abstract
Aqueous extract of refined camphor (AERC) is used in traditional medicine to manage various ailments including erectile dysfunction and to improve blood circulation. These uses are suggestive of possible involvement of refined camphor in vasomodulation. This study evaluated the vasomodulatory potential of AERC. Rings of rats’ thoracic aortae were used to determine the vasomodulatory potential of AERC using isolated organ bath preparations coupled with PowerLab data acquisition system. The direct effect of AERC as well as its influence on noradrenaline-, atropine- and potassium chloride (KCl)-induced responses on the thoracic aortae of rats were investigated. The extract (390 µg/mL) significantly relaxed rat aortic rings, an effect that was significantly (p<0.0001) inhibited by atropine (0.33-3.30 µg/mL). It significantly (p<0.0001) inhibited noradrenaline (3.32 x 10-5 – 9.44 x 100 µg/mL) induced vasoconstriction and significantly relaxed noradrenaline pre-contracted tissues. The extract also significantly (p <0.0001) inhibited potassium chloride (KCl)-induced contraction. The results show that AERC is vasoactive and modulates vascular motor tone via vasodilatory mechanisms involving various pathways including adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Miller C. An Account of the Island of Sumatra. London: The Royal Society; 1778. 121 p.
Kotaka T, Kimura S, Kashiwayanagi M, Iwamoto J. Camphor induces cold and warm sensations with increases in skin and muscle blood flow in human. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014; 37(12):1913-1918.
Madan U. Camphor: This is how you can use its medicinal benefits to the fullest! [Online]. 2015 [cited 2021 Jun 6] Available from: https://zeenews.india.com/news/health/tips/camphor-this-ishow-you-can-use-its-medicinal-benefits-to-the-fullest_1814892.html.
Drugs.com. Camphor inhalation liquid. [Online]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 16] Available from http://www.drugs.com/cdi/camphor-liquid.html.
Klabunde RE, Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. [Online]. 2016 [cited 2021 Jan 16] Available from https://www.cvphysiology.com/.
Jaimes L, Vinet R, Knox M, Morales B, Benites J, Laurido1 C, Martínez JL. A review of the actions of endogenous and exogenous vasoactive substances during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in rats. Anim. 2019; 9(6):288.
Ong P and Seitz A. The importance of assessing coronary vasomotor function in patients with SIHD with unobstructed coronary arteries. [Online]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jun 6]. Available from: https://www.acc.org/latest-n-cardiology/articles/2020/12/18/13/54/the-importance-ofassessing-coronary-vasomotor-function-in-patients-withsihd.
United States National Institute of Health. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. (8th ed). Washington DC: National Academic Press; 2011. 184-202
Anthelme NS, Pathak P, Kanshana JS, Kanuri BN, Rebello SC, Kumar B, Yadav PP, Traore F, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Vasomodulatory effects and mass spectral analysis of Bridelia ferruginea Benth, Indian J Exp Biol. 2018;(56):621-628.
National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST). (+)-2-Bornanone [Online]. 2018 [cited 2021 June 06] Available from:
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=000464-49-3&Units=SI
Sweetman SC (ed.) Martindale-The Complete Drug Reference. (36th ed). London: The Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. 2274 p.
Mendes-Júnior LG, Guimarães DD, Gadelha DDA, DinizTF, Brandão MCR, Athayde-Filho PF, Lemos VS, FrançaSilva MS, Braga A. The new nitric oxide donor cyclohexane nitrate induces vasorelaxation, hypotension, and antihypertensive effects via NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Front Physiol. 2015; 6(243):1-9.
Zhou K and Parker JD. The role of vascular endothelium in nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019; 85(2):377-388.
Kleschyov AL, Oelze M, Daiber A, Huang Y, Mollnau H, Schulz E, Sydow K, Fichtlscherer B, Mülsch A, Münzel T., Does nitric oxide mediate the vasodilator activity of nitroglycerin? Circ Res. 2003; 93:e104-e112.
Saternos HC, Almarghalani DA, Gibson HM, Meqdad MA, Antypas RB, Lingireddy A, Translational PhysiologyDistribution and function of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system. Physiol Genomics. 2018; 50:1-9.
Cheng, CK, Bakar HA, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: the sixth man of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2018; 32: 481–502.
Dugdale AH, Beaumont G, Bradbrook C, Gurney M. Veterinary Anaesthesia: Principles to Practice, West Sussex: John Wiley
and Sons; 2020. 58 p.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G. Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. China: Elsevier; 2012. 174p.
Hu G, Li X, Zhang S, Wang X. Association of rat thoracic aorta dilatation by astragaloside IV with the generation of endothelium‑derived hyperpolarizing factors and nitric oxide, and the blockade of Ca2+ channels. Biomed Rep. 2016; 27-34.
Niazmand S, Fereidouni E, Mahmoudabady M, MousaviSM. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effects of hydroalcoholic extract from Nigella sativa seed in rat aorta: the roles of Ca2+and K+channels. BioMed Res Internat. [Online]. 2014 [cited 2021 Feb 19]. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/24705.