In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Lygodium Japonicum Leaves on Α-Amylase, Α-Glucosidase, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV
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Abstract
Diabetes mellites is a chronic disease of glucose metabolism affecting millions of people worldwide and is projected to be over 783 million by 2045. Key enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) have been reported to play a major role in glucose metabolism. Plant extracts have been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes with encouraging results. α-amylase catalyses carbohydrate hydrolysis in the pancreas. In contrast, α-glucosidase catalyses the process of cutting the 1,4-α-glucosidic linkage of substrates to release α-D-glucose. DPP-IV decreases insulin secretion by decomposing peptides like glucagon-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptides. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of Lygodium japonicum leaf extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV in vitro. Lygodium japonium leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol and concentrated to obtain a total extract and then fractionated with solvents in increasing order of polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol) to obtain different solvent extracts with the mother liquor (aqueous extract). α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV inhibitory activity of the extracts were investigated using established methods. Results of the study showed that the chloroform extract (CF) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 value of 102.05 µg/mL. The butanol extract (BU) showed the highest α-amylase and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 227.35 µg/mL and 141.98 µg/mL, respectively. It was concluded that Lygodium japonicum extracts can inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes and could be a source of leads for the development of antidiabetic medicines.
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