Biological Resource and Traditional Uses of the Genus Hellenia in Thailand with A New Variety from Thailand

Abstract

Hellenia is a genus within the family Costaceae, comprising a total of eight species recognized worldwide. In Thailand, two species, each with one variant, have been identified within this genus. This study describes and illustrates a newly discovered variety, Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta var. sepalus, found along Nittayo Road in Sawang Daen Din Subdistrict, Sawang Daen Din District, Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Although it resembles Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta, this variety differs notably in its calyx structure, which is tubular with three reddish teeth, two equal teeth and apex acute, and one tooth with an apex curves downward. The study provides a comprehensive description of the new variety, including an investigation of its ecological factors, natural occurrence dates, geographical range, uses, and photographic documentation. Two ecosystem types were identified: deciduous dipterocarp forest (supporting one species and one variety), and mixed deciduous forest (supporting one species). The conservation status of one species is proposed as Least Concern (LC), while the new variety is considered both endemic and rare. Traditional uses of this genus include medicinal, ornamental, food, and ritual applications. This research contributes valuable biological resource data on Hellenia in Thailand.