Enhancing Chemotherapeutic Efficacy: Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect of Garcinia cowa Bark Extract and Doxorubicin in T47D Breast Cancer Cells
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Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, demanding more effective and less toxic treatment strategies. The investigation of natural compounds as potential adjuvants to chemotherapy has gained urgency in recent years. The aim of this research was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Garcinia cowa bark ethanol extract (GCBEE) alone and its potential to enhance the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin on T47D breast cancer cells, as well as to assess the selectivity of GCBEE towards the Vero cell line. The MTT assay was utilized to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (dox) and GCBEE on T47D breast cancer cells. Selectivity against normal Vero cell lines was evaluated using the selectivity index (SI). The test results were examined using a microplate reader set to operate at 595 nm wavelength. Chou Talalay's method was utilized to compute and analyze the combination index (CI) in order to ascertain the influence of the combination. Based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, both GCBEE and dox exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects with IC50 values of 130 µg/mL and 0.026 µg/mL on T47D cells, respectively. GCBEE was more selective for T47D cells than Vero cells (SI = 15). GCBEE synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of dox, with a CI value range of 0.19–0.89. The combination of GCBEE and doxorubicin offers a promising synergistic approach in the fight against breast cancer.
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