The Effect of a High-Whey Protein Diet Combined With Lactobacillus acidophilus on Insulin Resistance, Intestinal Microbiota, and the Histology of the Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, and Colon
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Abstract
The diet profoundly impacts the microbial ecology in the gastrointestinal tract and the majority of biological functions. This study attempts to discover the effects of chronic high-protein diets (HPD) and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on the liver, spleen, kidneys, and colon histology, with a special focus on their interactions with the gut flora. In a 12-week treatment program, which categorised four groups of obese rats, each receiving either a normal diet (14% whey protein) or a high-protein diet (50% whey protein), with and without the inclusion of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB). The HPD diet significantly increased liver transaminases (AST (78.29 U/L) and ALT (66.43 U/L)), while normal diets raised insulin levels (0.95 µU/mL); however, their combination with LAB improved HbA1c (2.5) and insulin levels (0.25µU/mL). HPD caused infiltrations in the muscular layers of the colon and hypertrophy of the glomeruli, as well as dilation and congestion of the capillary sinuses, not to mention the significant infiltration in the splenic red and white pulps. Normal diets caused fatty deposits in the kidneys and hyalinisation of the tubules, as well as lymphatic aggregations in the intestinal crypts and damage to epithelial tissue. The consumption of high-protein diets in association with LAB (10%) significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus compared to the group on normal diets and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in HPD without LAB association (12%). The association of LAB to
the HPD diet improves their impact on general physiological functions and specifically improves gut microbiota.
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