Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Sporicidal Activities, and Stability Testing of Herbal Skin Wash Preparations from Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana Essential Oils and Kyllinga nemoralis Aqueous Extract
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Abstract
Herbal remedies with antimicrobial effects are derived from various plant parts. These treatments are commonly applied topically and can be found in cosmetic products, where they have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties. In this study, Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana essential oils and Kyllinga nemoralis aqueous extract were used in preparation of the herbal skin wash. The skin wash was tested against bacterial vegetative cells, spores, and Candida species. The stability testing was also performed. The antimicrobial activity of the skin wash was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. Results showed that exposure of the tested bacteria to the herbal skin wash resulted in an inhibition zone with diameters ranging from 7.00 to 16.00 mm. The inhibition zone of the tested Candida species to the herbal skin wash was at the diameter ranging between 8.00 to 13.00 mm. The herbal skin wash, when utilized at its maximum concentration, demonstrated sporicidal efficacy against the spores of B. subtilis and B. megaterium after an exposure period of one hour. However, it did not exhibit similar activity against B. cereus and B. pumilus. Given that storage conditions are typically within the pH range
of human skin, the herbal skin wash is considered stable and can be used for up to six months. In conclusion, M. cajuputi subsp. cumingiana essential oils and K. nemoralis aqueous extract herbal skin wash shows a promising potential antimicrobial activity against wide range of microorganisms and thus has potential to be developed into a commercial herbal antimicrobial skin wash.
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