Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.) Essential Oil Against AMJ-13 Cancer Cell Line
Main Article Content
Abstract
Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant. It has a wide range of medicinal properties and is among the species used for essential oil production in several countries. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of clary sage essential oil (CSEO) against cancer cells. AMJ-13 cancer cells were treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 50, 100, or 200 µg/mL) of CSEO, and the control cells were untreated. The cytotoxic effect of the CSEO was evaluated using the MTT assay, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The results indicated that the CSEO has high cytotoxicity against AMJ-13 cells. The lowest (at 200 µg/mL) and highest (at 5 µg/mL) viability percentages of the AMJ-13 cells were 19 and 95%, respectively. Also, the IC50 value of CSEO was 54.85 µg/mL. It was discovered that CSEO has antioxidant activity and that there was a significant decrease in ROS value (undetected) in the treated cells compared to the control of 0.1395 ng/mL. Also, a significant decrease in the value of CAT enzyme (111.8nmoles/min/million cells) was observed in cells treated with CSEO compared to the control (1637nmoles/min/million cells). Meanwhile, there was no increase in the value of SOD in the CSEO-treated cells, which was equal to the control (undetected). The research findings show that CSEO has cytotoxic and antioxidant properties and that it can be used to target various cancer cell types.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Altaee MF, Younis RW, Kamona ZK. The activity of Annona squamosa peels extracts against two pathogenic bacteria and two blood cancer cell lines. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2020; 51(6):1496-1503.
Maeh RK, Jaaffar AI, Al-Azawi KF. Preparation of Juniperus extract and detection of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2019; 50(4):1153-1161.
Salman ZO, Alwash BM, Kadhim EJ. Effect of essential oil of Cestrum nocturnum flowers cultivated in Iraq as antioxidant and elongation cold storage period of minced meat. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2019; 50(2):601-607.
Aćimović M, Kiprovski B, Rat M, Sikora V, Popović V, Koren A, Brdar-Jokanović M. Salvia sclarea: Chemical composition and biological activity. J Agron Technol Eng Manag. 2018; 1(1):18-28.
Tuttolomondo T, Iapichino G, Licata M, Virga G, Leto C, La Bella S. Agronomic evaluation and chemical characterization of Sicilian Salvia sclarea L. accessions. Agron. 2020; 10(8):1114-1134.
Cui H, Zhang X, Zhou H, Zhao C, Lin L. Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of Salvia sclarea essential oil. Bot Stud. 2015; 56(1):1-8.
Durgha H, Thirugnanasampandan R, Ramya G, Ramanth MG. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression (iNOS) and cytotoxic activity of Salvia sclarea L. essential oil. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2016; 28(4):390-395.
Kuźma Ł, Kalemba D, Różalski M, Różalska B, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Krajewska U, Wysokińska H. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from Salvia sclarea plants regenerated in vitro. Mol. 2009; 14(4):1438-1447.
Yang HJ, Kim KY, Kang P, Lee HS, Seol GH. Effects of Salvia sclarea on chronic immobilization stress induced endothelial dysfunction in rats. BMC Compl Med. 2014; 14(1):1-5.
Al-Shammari AM, Alshami MA, Umran MA, Almukhtar AA, Yaseen NY, Raad K, Hussien AA. Establishment and characterization of a receptor-negative, hormonenonresponsive breast cancer cell line from an Iraqi patient. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2015; 7:223-230.
Al-Shammari AM, Al-Esmaeel WN, Al Ali AA, Hassan AA, Ahmed AA. Enhancement of oncolytic activity of Newcastle disease virus through combination with retinoic acid against digestive system malignancies. Mol Ther. 2019; 27(4):126-127.
Freshney RI. Culture of animal cells: a manual of basic technique and specialized applications. John Wiley & Sons,6th ed., Wiley- Blackwell; 2010; 732 p.
Gegechkori N, Haines L, Lin JJ. Long-term and latent side effects of specific cancer types. Med Clin North Am. 2017; 101(6):1053-1073.
Senapati S, Mahanta AK, Kumar S, Maiti P. Controlled drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment and their performance. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2018; 3(1):1-9.
Greenwell M and Rahman PK. Medicinal plants: their use in anticancer treatment. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015; 6(10):4103-4112.
Alwash BM. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of fruit juice of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lind plant cultivated in Iraq. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2017; 48(3):892-898.
Kamona ZK and Alzobaay AH. Effect of essential oil extract from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves on vaiability of some pathogenic bacteria and sensory properties of fish balls. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2021; 52(2):268-275.
Chang MY, Shieh DE, Chen CC, Yeh CS, Dong HP. Linalool induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in leukemia cells and cervical cancer cells through CDKIs. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(12):28169-28179.
Zhao Y, Chen R, Wang Y, Qing C, Wang W, Yang Y. In vitro and in vivo efficacy studies of Lavender angustifolia essential oil and its active constituents on the proliferation of human prostate cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. 2017; 16(2):215-226.
Gülçin I, UĞUZ MT, Oktay M, Beydemir Ş, KÜFREVİOĞLU Öİ. Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Turk J Agric For. 2004; 28(1):25-33.
Lopresti AL. Salvia (sage): a review of its potential cognitive-enhancing and protective effects. Drugs R D. 2017; 17(1):53-64.
Ighodaro OM and Akinloye OA. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alex J Med. 2018; 54(4):287-293.