In Vivo Antiplasmodial and Toxicological Effects of Extracts of Fruit Pulp of  Chrysophyllum albidium G. Don (Sapotaceae):  doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i3.5

Chibueze  P. Ihekwereme; Chinelo O. Melidem; Ijeoma  C. Maduka; Jude N. Okoyeh

Authors

Chibueze P. Ihekwereme Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Chinelo O. Melidem Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Ijeoma C. Maduka Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Jude N. Okoyeh Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Keywords:

Chrysophyllum albidium, Parasitemia,, Antimalarial,, Antiplasmodium.

Abstract

Plant parts of Chrysophyllum albidium is reported to possess antimalarial properties. However, knowledge gaps still exist in the antimalarial efficacy and safety of some solvent fractions of the fruit pulp. The aim of this study is to explore the antimalarial and toxicological potentials of the methanol extract of the pulp of C. albidum. Prophylactic and curative antiplasmodial activities of
the methanol extract of the fruit pulp were evaluated using rodent malaria model. Repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted for 28 days using OECD 407 guidelines. The effect of the extract on animal weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were estimated. The oral acute toxic dose of the pulp extract was beyond 5000 mg/kg. The extract demonstrated prophylactic activities
at 100 mg/kg (27.94%) and 200 (67.79%) mg/kg doses. The highest curative antimalarial activity was at 15 mg/kg dose on day 4 (72.43 %) and day 7 (83.80 %). The repeated dose toxicity assay did not show that the extract is harmful to the experimental animals. The extract reduced the PCV and hemoglobin level at 15 and 50 mg/kg dose, but not at 150 mg/kg. The Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels significantly decreased at the end of the study. This study used a murine model of malaria to demonstrate that the methanol extract of the fruit pulp of C. albidum possesses prophylactic and curative properties. The repeated
dose toxicity study did not show any toxicity to the experimental animals.

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