Antioxidant Activity of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants Used in Malaria Treatment doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i1.4.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Free radicals are reactive molecules associated with many diseases including malaria; causing
complications. Thus, the need to explore compounds with free radical scavenging properties.
Methanol extracts of the leaves of three medicinal plants (A. barteri, O. basilicum and H. indicum)
used in Nigerian folkloric medicine for the treatment of malaria were evaluated for their
antioxidant activty, total phenol and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activity evaluation
included various radicals or oxidation systems - ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2'-
azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance
capacity (ORAC) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were also evaluated. The leaves of
A. barteri showed the highest levels of total phenol (222.30 ± 5.48 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), flavanol (22.90 ± 0.15 mg catechin equivalent/g) and flavonol contents ( 93.32 ± 2.80 mg quercetin equivalent/g) compared to O. basilicum and H. indicum. The antioxidant activity of these plants increased with increase in their total phenol and flavonoid contents. The order of the
antioxidant activity of the plants was A. barteri > O. basilicum > H. indicum. These results suggest that the leaves of these plants contain polyphenols and could serve as potential sources of antioxidants which could be explored as therapeutic agents in the attenuation of free radical in malaria infection.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Tiwari AK. Antioxidants: new- generation therapeutic base for treatment of polygenic disorders. Curr Sci. 2004; 86:1092-1102.
Bhattacharya S. Reactive Oxygen Species and Cellular Defense System. In Free Radicals in Human Health and Disease, V. Rani and U.C.S. Yadav (eds.), Springer, India; 2015. 25 p.
Jaouad B, Torsten B. Exogenous antioxidants-Double-edged swords in cellular redox state. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010; 3(4):28-37.
Adebiyi OE, Olayemi FO, Ning-Hua T, Guang-Zhi Z. In vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanol extract of stem and leaf of Grewia carpinifolia. BeniSuef University J Basic Appl Sci. 2017; 6:10-14.
Kapadiya DB, Dabhi BK, Aparnathi KD. Spices and herbs as a source of natural antioxidants for food. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016; 5(7):280-288.
Percário S, Moreira DR, Gomes BAQ, Ferreira MES, Gonçalves ACM, Laurindo PSOC, Vilhena TC, Dolabela MF, Green MD. Oxidative Stress in Malaria. Int J Mol Sci. 2012; 13:16346-16372.
Ames BN, Gold LS, Willet WC. The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci. U.S.A. 1995; 92:5258-5265.
Halvorsen BL, Carlsen MH, Phillips KM, Bohn SK, Holte K, Jacobs DR, Blomhoff R. Content of redox active compounds (i.e, antioxidants) in foods consumed in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84:95-135.
Akininyi JA, Manadwudu D, Sultanaabawa. Ethnobotany of Nigerian medicinal plants. Afr J of Med Med Sci. 2006; 83-112.
Madu O. Lemon grass, antidote to malaria, typhoid, pains. Nat Ess Apoth. 2007; 1:1- 4
Odugbemi T. A text book of medicinal plants from Nigeria, Lagos: University of Lagos Press, 2008. 545 p.
Burkill H M. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. 2nd Ed. Vol.1. Families, A-D. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 1985; 960.
Olowokudejo JD, Kadiri AB, Travih VA. “An Ethnobotanical Survey of Herbal Markets and Medicinal plants in Lagos State of Nigeria” Ethnobot Leaflets. 2008; 12:851-856.
Tarchoune I, Sgherri C, Izzo R, Lachaal M, Ouerghi Z, NavariIzzo F. Antioxidative responses of Ocimum basilicum to sodium chloride or sodium sulphate salinization. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010; 48:772-777.
Ramesh B, Satakopan VN. In vitro antioxidant activities Of Ocimum species: Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum.Cell Tissue Res. 2010; 10(1):2145-2150.
Narsaria N, Mohanty C, Das BK, Mishra SP, Prasad R. Oxidative stress in children with severe malaria. J Trop Pediatr. 2012; 58:147-150.
Talukdar AD, Choudhary MD, Chakraborty M, Dutta BK. Phytochemical screening and TLC profiling of plant extracts Cyathea gigantea (Wall. Ex. Hook.) Haltt. and Cyathea brunoniana (Wall.ex.Hook). (Cl. & Bak.). Assam University J Sci Technol: Biol Environ Sci. 2010; 5(1):70-74.
Evans WC (2002). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy 15th ed. London: Baillier-Tindall, WB Saunders Company Ltd. Macmillan Publishers. 214-253 p.
Shaver LA, Leung SH, Puderbaugh A, Angel SA. Two methods of determining total phenolic content of foods and juices in a
general organic and biological (GOB) chemistry lab. J Chem. Educ. 2011; 88(4):492-495.
Treutter D. Chemical reaction detection of catechins and proanthocyanidins with 4-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. J Chromatogr 1989; 467:185-193.
Srivastava N, Chauhan AS, Sharma B. Isolation and Characterization of Some Phytochemicals from Indian Traditional Plants. Biotechnol Res Int. 2012; 1-8.
Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar K, Rajendran A. In vitro antioxidant studies on the benzyl tetraquinoline alkaloid berberine, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2006; 29:1906-1910.
Alarcon E, Campos AM, Edwards AM, Lissi E, Lopez-Alarcon C. Antioxidant capacity of herbal infusions and tea extracts: a comparison of ORAC fluorescein and ORAC pyrogallol red methodologies. Food Chem. 2008; 107:1114-1119.
Gulcin I. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3, 4-dihydroxycinnamicacid). Toxicol. 2006; 217:213-220.
Yao LH, Jiang YM, Datta N, Singanusong R, Liu X, Duan J. HPLC analyses of flavanols and phenolic acids in the fresh young shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in Australia. Food Chem. 2004; 84:253-263.
Chan EWC, Lim YY, Chew YL. Antioxidant activity of Camellia sinensis leaves and tea from a lowland plantation in Malaysia, Food Chem. 2007, 102:1214-1222.
Yim HS, Fook YC, Mei LL, Chun WH. Antioxidant Potential of Pleurotus porrigens Extract and Application in Sunflower
Oil during Accelerated Storage. Chiang Mai J Sci. 2013; 40(1):34-48.
Kaur C, Kapoor HC. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian vegetables. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2002; 37(2):153-159.
Gülçin I, Oktay M, Küfrevioglu ÖI, Aslan A. Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen Cetrariais landica (L.) Ach JEthnopharmacol. 2002; 79:325–329.
Halvorsen BL, Carlsen MH, Phillips KM, Bohn SK, Holte K, Jacobs Jr. DR, Blomhoff R. Content of redox-active compounds (ie, antioxidants) in foods consumed in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84:95-135
Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA, Sovik KN, Ritchard NT, Hartzfeld PW. High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) as biological antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem.1998; 46:1887-1892.
Onyesom I, Osioma E, Omoghene O. Total Antioxidant Capacity in Serum of Plasmodium falciparum malarial infected
patients receiving artemisinin-based combination therapy. Am J Med Sci. 2012; 2(2):1-3.
Kulkarni AG, Suryakar AN, Sardeshmukh AS, Rathi DB. Studies on biochemical changes with special reference to oxidant and antioxidant in malarial patients. Ind J Clin Biochem. 2003; 18(2):136-149.
Kremsner PG, Greve B, Luckner D, Schmid D. Malaria anaemia in African children associated with high oxygen radical production. Lancet. 2000; 355:40-41.
Clark IA, Chaudhri G, Cowden WB. Some roles of free radicals in malaria. Free Radic Biol Med. 1989; 6(3):315-21.
Keller CC, Kremsner PG, Hittner JB, Misukonis MA, Weinberg JB, Perkins DJ. Elevated nitric oxide production in children with malarial anemia: Hemozoin-induced nitric oxide synthase type 2 transcripts and nitric oxide in blood mononuclear cells. Infect. Immun. 2004; 72:4868-4873.
Sohail M, Kaul A, Raziuddin M, Adak T. Decreased glutathione-S-transferase activity: Diagnostic and protective role in vivax malaria. Clin. Biochem. 2007; 40:377-382.
Iyawe HOT, Onigbinde AO. Effect of an antimalaria and micronutrient supplementation on respiration induced oxidative stress. Pak J Nutr. 2004; 3(6):318-321.
Pandey AV, Bisht H, Babbarwal VK, Srivastava J, Pandey KC, Chauhan VS. Mechanism of malarial haem detoxification inhibition by chloroquine. Biochem. J. 2001; 355:333-338.
Bolchoz LJ, Gelasco AK, Jollow DJ, McMillan DC. Primaquine-induced hemolytic anemia: Formation of free radicals in rat erythrocytes exposed to 6-methoxy-8-hydroxylaminoquinoline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002; 303:1121-1129.
Haynes RK, Krishna S. Artemisinins: Activities and actions. Microbes Infect. 2004; 6:1339–1346.
Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin M, Mazur M, Telser JC. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Intl J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007; 39:44-48