Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Life Quality in Healthy Individuals:A Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications have spread throughout the world. The overall mortality rate appears to be similar to the pandemic flu. As a result of the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, which was triggered by a coronavirus infection that caused an acute respiratory disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a socio-economic disaster and significant psychological suffering occurred. During the COVID-19 crisis, several psychological disorders and serious psychological effects, such as stress, depression, anguish, and anxiety, progressively evolved. This review examines some of the existing research on the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population. A comprehensive assessment of scientific articles on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes was conducted. The roles of risk and preventative factors in susceptible people's productivity to acquire developmental disorders, as well as the many elements of behavior related to the COVID-19 pandemic, have also been investigated. This review evaluates some of the existing research findings on the impact of COVID-19 disease on the mental health of the general population. COVID-19 isolation has long been recognized as one of the most significant emotional responses to a COVID-19 pandemic among the general public. Finally, both governmental and non-governmental groups must develop psychological preventative methods for several COVID-19-related psychiatric issues, as well as the numerous populations who are far more vulnerable to the pandemic.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Anand KB, Karade S, Sen S, Gupta RM. SARS-CoV-2: Camazotz's curse. Med J Armed Forces India. 2020; 76(2):136-141.
Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha M, Agha R. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg. 2020; 78:185-193.
Griffiths MD and Mamun MA. COVID-19 suicidal behavior among couples and suicide pacts: Case study evidence from press reports. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 289:113105.
Mamun MA and Ullah I. COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country. Brain Behav Immunol. 2020; 87:163.
Hao F, Tan W, Jiang LI, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zou Y, Hu Y, Luo X, Jiang X, McIntyre RS, Tran B. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatric. Brain Behav Immunol. 2020; 87:100-106.
Sood S. Psychological effects of the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Res Hum Med Edu. 2020; 7(11):23-26.
Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, Colasanti M, Ferracuti S, Napoli C, Roma P. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int J Env Res Pub Health. 2020; 17(9):3165.
Wilson W, Raj JP, Rao S, Ghiya M, Nedungalaparambil NM, Mundra H, Mathew R. Prevalence and predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers managing COVID-19 pandemic in India: a nationwide observational study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;
(4):353-358.
Pancani L, Marinucci M, Aureli N, Riva P. Forced social isolation and mental health: A study on 1,006 Italians under COVID-19 lockdown. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:663799.
Putri RS, Purwanto A, Pramono R, Asbari M, Wijayanti LM, Hyun CC. Impact of the COVID- 19 pandemic on online home learning: An explorative study of primary schools in Indonesia. Int J Adv Sci Technol. 2020; 29(5):4809-4818.
Moccia L, Janiri D, Pepe M, Dattoli L, Molinaro M, De Martin V, Chieffo D, Janiri L, Fiorillo A, Sani G, Di Nicola M. Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: An early report on the Italian general population. Brain Behav
Immunol. 2020; 87:75-79.
Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Res. 2020; 291:113190.
Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychol. 2020; 66(4):317-320.
Lee M and Yu M. Psychological and behavioral responses in South Korea during the early stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int J Env Res Pub Health. 2020; 17(9):2977.
Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, Huang E, Zuo QK. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis. Ann New York Acad Sci. 2021; 1486(1):90-111.
Islam SD, Bodrud-Doza M, Khan RM, Haque MA, Mamun MA. Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: A perception-based study. Heliyon. 2020; 6(7):e04399.
Saxena K, Marden JR, Carias C, Bhatti A, PattersonLomba O, Gomez-Lievano A, Yao L, Chen YT. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dolescent vaccinations: projected time to reverse deficits in routine adolescent vaccination in the United States. Curr Med Res Opin.
; 37(12):2077-2087.
Soofi M, Najafi F, Karami-Matin B. Using insights from behavioral economics to mitigate the spread of COVID- 19. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2020; 18(3):345-350.
Harper CA, Satchell LP, Fido D, Latzman RD. Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Mental Health Addict. 2021; 19(5):1875-1888.
Varma P, Junge M, Meaklim H, Jackson ML. Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: A global crosssectional survey. Progr Neuro-Psych Bio Psychol. 2021; 109:110236.
Park SH, Song YJ, Demetriou EA, Pepper KL, Thomas EE, Hickie IB, Guastella AJ. Validation of the 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scales (DASS-21) in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Res. 2020; 291:113300.
Oskotsky T, Marić I, Tang A, Oskotsky B, Wong RJ, Aghaeepour N, Sirota M, Stevenson DK. Mortality risk among patients with COVID-19 prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. JAMA Network Open. 2021; 4(11):e2133090.
Callaway E. COVID vaccine boosters: the most important questions. Nat. 2021; 596(7871):178-180.
Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: A rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10227):912-920.
Lythgoe MP and Middleton P. Ongoing clinical trials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends Pharm Sci. 2020; 41(6):363-382.
Nadkarni A, Kapoor A, Pathare S. COVID-19 and forced alcohol abstinence in India: the dilemmas around ethics and rights. Int J Law Psychol. 2020; 71:101579.
Narasimha VL, Shukla L, Mukherjee D, Menon J, Huddar S, Panda UK, et al. Complicated alcohol withdrawal: An unintended consequence of COVID-19 lockdown. Alcoh Alcoholism. 2020; 55(4):350-353.
De Berardis D, Olivieri L, Rapini G, Serroni N, Fornaro M, Valchera A, Carano A, Vellante F, Bustini M, Serafini G, Pompili M, Ventriglio A , Perna G, FraticelliS, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M. Religious coping, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in subjects with firstepisode major depression: An exploratory study in the real-world clinical practice. Brain Sci. 2020; 10(12):912.
Navel V, Chiambaretta F, Dutheil F. Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 decrease allergic disease? J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2020; 146(1):70-71.
Seale H, Dyer CE, Abdi I, Rahman KM, Sun Y, Qureshi MO, et al. Improving the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: Examining the factors that influence engagement and the impact on individuals. BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20(1):1-3.
Courtenay K and Perera B. COVID-19 and people with intellectual disability: impacts of a pandemic. Irish J Psychol Med. 2020; 37(3):231-236.
Chew NW, Lee GK, Tan BY, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immunol. 2020; 88:559-565.
Esterwood E and Saeed SA. Past epidemics, natural disasters, COVID19, and mental health: learning from history as we deal with the present and prepare for the future. Psychol Quart. 2020; 91(4):1121-1133.
Girdhar R, Srivastava V, Sethi S. Managing mental health issues among elderly during COVID-19 pandemic. J Geriat Care Res. 2020; 7(1):32-35.
Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: A narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychol Mental Health. 2020; 14(1):1-11.
Grenade L and Boldy D. Social isolation and loneliness among older people: issues and future challenges in the community and residential settings. Australian Health Rev. 2008; 32(3):468-478.
Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10228):945-947.
Farquharson WH and Thornton CJ. Debate: Exposing the most serious infirmity–racism’s impact on health in the era of COVID‐19. Child Adol Mental Health. 2020; 25(3):182-183.
Liu SR and Modir S. The outbreak that was always here: Racial trauma in the context of COVID- 19 and implications for mental health providers. Psychol Trauma. 2020; 12(5):439-442.
Sani G, Janiri D, Di Nicola M, Janiri L, Ferretti S, Chieffo D. Mental health during and after the COVID‐19 emergency in Italy. Psychol Clin Neurosci. 2020; 74(6):372.
Malliet P, Reynes F, Landa G, Hamdi-Cherif M, Saussay A. Assessing short-term and long-term economic and environmental effects of the COVID-19 crisis in France. Env Resour Econ. 2020; 76(4):867-883.
Unützer J, Kimmel RJ, Snowden M. Psychiatry in the age of COVID‐19. World Psychol. 2020; 19(2):130-131.43. Perrin PB, Rybarczyk BD, Pierce BS, Jones HA, Shaffer C, Islam L. Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A special issue commentary and
lessons from primary care psychology training. J Clin Psychol. 2020; 76(6):1173-1185.
Pierce BS, Perrin PB, Tyler CM, McKee GB, Watson JD. The COVID-19 telepsychology revolution: A national study of pandemic-based changes in US mental health care delivery. Am Psychol. 2021; 76(1):14-25.
Elbogen EB, Lanier M, Blakey SM, Wagner HR, Tsai J. Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self‐harm during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of COVID‐19‐related stress, social isolation, and financial strain. Depr Anxiety. 2021; 38(7):739-748.
Lakhani HV, Pillai SS, Zehra M, Sharma I, Sodhi K. Systematic review of clinical insights into novel coronavirus (CoVID-19) pandemic: persisting challenges in US rural population. Int J Env Res Pub Health. 2020; 17(12):4279.
Barreiro-Gen M, Lozano R, Zafar A. Changes in sustainability priorities in organisations due to the COVID-19 outbreak: averting environmental rebound effects on society. Sustainab. 2020; 12(12):5031.
Ienca M and Vayena E. On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Med. 2020; 26(4):463-464.
Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Med Health Sci. 2020; 2(2):55-64.
Coyle C, Ghazi H, Georgiou I. The mental health and well-being benefits of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of medical students and newly qualified doctors in the UK. Irish J Med Sci. 2021; 190(3):925-926.
Bierwiaczonek K, Kunst JR, Pich O. Belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories reduces social distancing over time. Appl Psychol Health Well‐Being. 2020; 12(4):1270-1285.
Chew QH, Wei KC, Vasoo S, Chua HC, Sim K. Narrative synthesis of psychological and coping responses towards emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the general population: practical considerations for the COVID-19 pandemic. Singapore Med J. 2020; 61(7):350-356.
Chudasama YV, Gillies CL, Zaccardi F, Coles B, Davies MJ, Seidu S, Khunti K. Impact ofCOVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: a global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diab Met Synd: Clin Res Rev. 2020; 14(5):965-967.