Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Cornukaempferia chayanii Extracts and in vitro Inhibitory Effects on Digestive Enzymes
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Abstract
Cornukaempferia chayanii is a new species of plant from the genus Cornukaempferia belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The plant is an endemic species used as a folk medicine in northern and northeastern Thailand. The present study was carried out to conduct phytochemical screening, assess antioxidant activity, and determine the in vitro inhibitory effects of C. chayanii extracts on α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. C. chayanii was collected, processed, and extracted with aqueous (CCA), 50% ethanol (CCHE), and 95% ethanol (CCE). A preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to determine the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy), ABTS+ (2,2-azinobis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate]) radical scavenging, and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the extracts on α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were also evaluated. The percentage yields of CCA, CCHE, and CCE were 13.22±0.54%, 8.13±0.12%, and 5.02±0.57%, respectively. CCHE had much higher TPC than the CCA and CCE, while TFC was more in the CCE than the other extracts. According to the DPPH and FRAP assays, the CCHE demonstrated significantly higher free radical scavenging activity than the other extracts. Moreover, the CCHE had a similar effect compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox (reference compounds) with the DPPH assay. The CCA had a significant in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effect more than Acarbose, a standard diabetic drug. The findings of this study show that C. chayanii has antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory properties, and as such, may benefit human health.
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