Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Etlingera elatior Leaf Extract and Fractions: doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i8.19

Wardiyah Wardiyah; Ulya Safrina; Erna Prihandiwati; Rakhmadhan Niah

Authors

Wardiyah Wardiyah Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Jakarta II, Indonesia
Ulya Safrina Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Jakarta II, Indonesia
Erna Prihandiwati STIKES ISFI Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Rakhmadhan Niah KES ISFI Banjarmasin, Indonesia

Keywords:

Etlingera elatior, Total phenol content, Total flavonoid content, DPPH, ABTS

Abstract

The plant, Etlingera elatior has long been utilized by people as medicines and flavouring agents. Polyphenols and flavonoids are antioxidant metabolites found in the leaves of the plant. This research was aimed at determining the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract, water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions from E. elatior leaves. Extracts were prepared from the leaves of E. elatior and were fractionated. TPC and TFC of the extracts and fractions were determined spectrophotometrically by utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride reagents, respectively. Also, the antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions was tested by two methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest level of TPC (5.60 ± 0.02% w/w Gallic Acid Equivalent [GAE]) and TFC (14.66 ± 0.67% w/w catechin equivalent [CE]). In both the DPPH and ABTS procedures, the level of inhibition towards free radical was obtained in the hexane fraction with IC50 values of 39.35 µg/mL and 13.04 µg/mL, respectively. This result was the highest compared to the ethanol extract, water fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction. However, all antioxidant tests revealed that the value of IC50 was less than 50 µg/mL, indicating that both the extract and fractions of E. elatior has strong antioxidant activity.

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