Chemical Composition, In vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties and Cytotoxic Activity of the Essential Oil from Calamintha incana (Sm.) Helder (Lamiaceae)
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i8.2
Keywords:
Antioxidant effect, Cytotoxicity, Essential oils, Lamiaceae, Calamintha incanaAbstract
Calamintha incana (Sm.) Helder (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb used in folk medicine in Jordan and neighboring countries. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of C. incana and to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic potential. The essential oils from the aerial parts of C. incana (CIEO) were extracted by hydrodistillation, and GC/MS were performed for the chemical analysis of the oil. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were assessed using the colorimetric assay. The antioxidant activity of the oil was assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power ability. The cytotoxic activity of CIEO against MCF-7, T47D, Caco-2 cancer cell lines, and normal fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) was investigated by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results demonstrated that the main constituents of CIEO were benzenamine-4-methyl-3-nitro-(34.11%), and (2S,4R)-p-mentha-6,8-diene 2-hydroperoxide (31.48%). The phenolic content of CIEO was higher than the flavonoid content. With respect to the DPPH radical scavenging activity, the IC50 was 15.38 mg/mL, while for the reducing power ability the EC50 was 9.79 mg/mL). Moreover, CIEO was cytotoxic against cancerous and non-cancerous cells at 200 μg/mL. In conclusion, the essential oil extract of C. incana is characterized by its non-terpenoid aromatic compounds. Phenols were more abundant than flavonoids, and CIEO had a good antioxidant capacity and non-selective cytotoxic activity. Therefore, additional investigations are required to understand the mechanism of the cytotoxicity of this plant.
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