Niosomes as Nanocarrier for Onychomycosis Infections: A Review
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Abstract
Although skin is a protective barrier and acts as a defence mechanism against various stimuli, it is prone to infections due to bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens. Most skin infections are caused by fungi, which have thick walls and can spread the infection for days. Therapeutic management of such infections is possible by ensuring a consistent plasma concentration of the drug at a steady-state level at the site of action. Oral azoles, commonly used for treating fungal infections pose problems with solubility and permeability. There is a need to administer azoles for an extended period, leading to drug resistance.The aim of the current review is to strategize niosomes, which have sparked a lot of interest in creating new transdermal delivery systems as an alternative to oral delivery of antifungal drugs. These systems are dosage formulations designed to release the medicament at rates that differ significantly from their corresponding conventional dosage forms. Niosomes are the delivery system where the drug is entrapped in a vesicle using a non-ionic surfactant. The method used for writing this review was based on online and internet scholarly works related to transdermal and lipidic systems. This review provides an overview of the fungal infections, emphasizing onychomycosis, treatment, drawbacks of the conventional approaches, various advantages of niosomes for topical fungal infections, composition, and preparation methods along with the characterization and evaluation, research carried out, applications and prospects.
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