Antimalarial Activity of the n-Butanol Fraction of Uapaca togoensis (Pax) Stem Bark in Mice doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i1.6
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Abstract
The stem bark extract of Uapaca togoensis has been used in traditional medicine for the management of fever, epilepsy, fatigue and rheumatism. This study was aimed at evaluating the in vivo antimalarial activity of the n-butanol fraction of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant. Antimalarial activity was investigated in Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice using three experimental animal models including; the Peters 4-day suppressive, Curative and Prophylactic models. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity tests (using the oral route in mice) were also conducted. The n-butanol fraction at all tested doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) exhibited
significant (p < 0.01) and dose-dependent reduction in parasitaemia levels with percentage chemosuppression of 70.4, 80.3 and 90.3% respectively in the Peters 4-day suppressive test. In the curative and prophylactic studies, the fraction exhibited significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent decrease in parasitaemia levels (9.25 ± 1.37, 6.42 ± 1.84, 3.18 ± 1.79) and (6.47 ± 1.39, 3.27 ± 1.16, 3.18 ± 1.02) at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The mean survival time of the mice treated with the fraction was significantly (p < 0.05) prolonged compared to the distilled water treated group. The oral LD50 in mice was estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg.
Phytochemical screening of the fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes and cardiac glycosides. These results suggest that the n-butanol fraction of Uapaca togoensis possesses antimalarial activity that justifies its use in ethnomedicine to treat malaria infection
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