Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor spp. Associated with Deteriorated Mango and Orange Fruits: Occurrence and In vitro Susceptibility to Extracts of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams (Asteraceae) doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i9.20
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Abstract
A large number of fruits are annually lost due to spoilage by microorganisms, most especially rot fungi. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify fungi from spoilt fruits. The fungal isolates from spoilt mango and orange fruits were obtained using standard mycological technique. Bioactivities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aspilia africana against fungal isolates from spoilt mango and orange fruits were determined using standard protocol. The fungal isolates obtained were Aspergillus flavus, Mucor spp and Rhizopus stolonifer. The leaf extracts of A. africana contained varied concentrations of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpene, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside, phlobatanins and phenolics. The highest mean inhibition zone diameter (IZ) obtained was 16.8 ± 1.3 mm from the plate containing R. stolonifer RSCS- 04, while the lowest mean IZ (mm ± S.D) was 9.8 ± 0.2 from the plate containing R. stolonifer RSMI-07. Of the 8 fungal isolates tested, 50.0 %, 75.0 %, 100% and 100% were sensitive to 10, 20, 40 and 80 mgmL-1 of ethanol leaf extract of A. africana, respectively. The highest IZ (14.3 + 0.3) and lowest IZ (10.0 + 0.0) for the aqueous leaf extract was observed in the plate containing A. flavus AFMI-03 and A. flavus AFCS-03. The Regression coefficients (R2 ) values of leaf extract of A. africana and diameters of zone of inhibition as exhibited by the fungi ranged from 0.5000 to 0.9872. Application of fungicidal plant extracts especially A.africana to mitigate fungal pathogenic invasion of fruits should be considered.
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