Phytochemical Investigation, Comparison and Characterization Study of Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey versus Jordanian Honey by LC-MS/MS
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i9.12
Keywords:
Trigona honey, Phytochemical, LC-MS/MS, Polyphenols, JordanAbstract
Phytochemical studies have revealed more than 200 distinct polyphenolic compounds present in honey alone. Stingless bee honey (Trigona honey) is naturally found in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aims to interrogate the physical parameters, polyphenolic content, and antioxidant characteristics of Malaysian Trigona honey in comparison with Apis honey (Centaurea hyalolepis) and Citrus honey from Jordan. The three honey types were subjected to phytochemical and chromatographic analysis to explore the differences in honey composition related to bees type and geographical location. The total phenolic content ranged between 288.09 and 663.19 mg GAE/kg of honey in the three honey types. Trigona honey had the highest phenolic content (663.19 mgGAE/kg) followed by Centaurea hyalolepis honey (471.87 mgGAE/kg), both of which were higher than Citrus honey (288.09 mgGAE/kg). Trigona honey showed an IC50 of 61.042 ± 0.45 mg/mL, whereas, Centaurea hyalolepis honey and Citrus honey had IC50 of 120.29 ± 1.64 mg/mL and 129.51 ± 4.3 mg/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis has revealed a significant negative correlation between the IC50 value for the three honey samples and the concentration of polyphenols (p≤0.001). Chromatographic analysis using LC-MS/MS showed a 28 and 42-fold difference in the polyphenolic content in Trigona over C.hyalolepis and Citrus honey, respectively. In conclusion, the diversity in the polyphenols contents and the high amounts of phytochemical compounds found in Trigona honey confers the antioxidant activity and there is no unique compound responsible for such activity over C. hyalolepis and Citrus honey.
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