Achyranthes Aspera Linn. Crude Extracts Enhance Phagocytic Activity and Attenuate Oxidative Stress-Mediated-TNF-α mRNA Expression in Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i9.8
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Abstract
Achyranthes aspera is used in tropical areas for several purposes based on it being a rich source in polyphenols. However, the direct effect of A. aspera on oxidative stress induced-human macrophages remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to examine the biological activities of ethanol crude extracts of A. aspera and their effects on the primary human monocyte-derived macrophage. The individual components of the plant extracts were determined and the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity on human white blood cells and red blood cells was examined. The crude extracts subtoxic concentration was used to stimulate the human primary monocyte-derived macrophages for phagocytosis assay and expression of a pro-inflammatory mediator, TNF-α, under oxidative stress conditions. The extraction was performed using 70% ethanol which gave a yield of approximately 5-6% for all parts of the plant. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents also reveal a comparable amount. The flower and stem extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The crude extracts showed relatively low cytotoxicity against the human white blood cells and red blood cells, except for the flower extract, which had a weak hemolytic activity at 75 μg/mL. The crude extracts enhanced the phagocytic activity of the macrophages while suppressing the expression of TNF-α, suggesting that A. aspera ethanol crude extracts have immunomodulation activity by enhancing phagocytic activity and suppressing a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of human macrophages. Furthermore, the formulation of a plant-based herbal product should be possible, and it could be a reasonably economical therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent.
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