Acute Effects of Allium cepa (onions) Methanol Extract on Adriamycin-induced Hepato-renal Damage in an Experimental Rat Model doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i10.29
Main Article Content
Abstract
The liver's metabolic processes protect the body's other organs and tissues from toxic substances. Some metabolic detoxification byproducts, if present in excess, can harm the liver or kidneys. The effect of Allium cepa methanol extract (MEAC) on Adriamycin-induced acute liver and kidney damage was investigated in this study. A total of twenty-five albino rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: For five days, Groups A-E were given the following treatments: Adriamycin (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to Group A (negative control); Adriamycin (15 mg/kg) plus a low dose of MEAC (2000 mg/kg p.o.) were given to group B; Adriamycin (15 mg/kg) plus a high dose of MEAC (400 mg/kg p.o.) were given to group C; Adriamycin (15 mg/kg) plus vitamin C (200 mg/kg p.o.) were given to group D (positive control); and no treatment was given to group E. Standard biochemical procedures were used to determine hepatorenal toxicity by evaluating creatinine, urea, Na+, K+ , bilirubin, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) enzyme activity. The intraperitoneal administration of Adriamycin caused a marked elevation of the biochemical parameters; BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, K+ , serum bilirubin, ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activity, with reduced Na+ . Treatment with high dose of methanol extract of Allium cepa showed significantly attenuated hepatorenal dysfunction. Histopathological studies supported the biochemical observations as the liver and kidney sections of Adriamycin-induced rats showed significant recovery following administration of MEAC. The methanol extract of Allium cepa at high dose possesses strong hepatorenal protective ability.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Hiraoka H, Morita S, Izawa A, Aoyama K, Shin KC, Nakano T. Tracing the geographical origin of onions by strontium isotope ratio and strontium content. Anal Sci. 2016; 32(7):781-788.
Shafiq S, Shakir M, Ali Q. Medicinal uses of onion (Allium cepa L.): An overview. Life Sci J. 2017; 14(6):100-107.
Al-Snafi AE. Pharmacological effect of Allium species frown in Iraq an overview. Int J Pharmacol and Health Care. 2013; 1(04):132-155.
Uchendu IK. Ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Nigella sativa seed against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. J Drug DelivTher. 2020; 10(3):164-169.
Uchendu IK, Orji OC, Agu CE. Attenuation of glycerol-induced acute renal failure in albino rats by soybeans (Glycine max). Int J Chem Tech Res. 2017; 10(12):165-172.
Workeneh BT. Acute Kidney Injury. J Inj Violence Res. 2018;16(1):3-7.
Uchendu IK, Agu CE, Nnedu EB, Chukwu IJ. Combination of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and some
calcium channel blockers synergistically improves CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020;
(5):2059-2065
Pedrycz A and Kramkowska A. Adriamycin-efficacy and possible adverse effects. CurrProblPsychiatr. 2016; 17(1): 38-
Qadir DM, Mohammed MO, Mohammed MT. Biochemical Studies of Oxidative Stress During Ischemia Induce Myocardial Injuries. Indian J Pub Health. 2020; 11(02):1104-1109.
Natelson S, Scott ML, Beffa C. A rapid method for the estimation of urea in biologic fluids. Am J Clin Pathol.1951;
(3): 275-281.
Fabiny DL and Ertingshausen G. Automated reaction-rate method for determination of creatinine with the centrifichem. J Clin Chem. 1971; 17(8):696-700.
Reitman S and Frankel SA. Colorimetric method for determination of serum glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamic
pyruvate transaminase. Am J ClinPathol. 1957; 28(1957):56-58.
Kind PR and King EJ. Colorimetric method for determination of serum alkaline phosphatase. J. ClinPathol. 1954; 7(4):322-326.
Malloy HT and Evelyn KA. The determination of bilirubin with the photoelectric colorimetric method. J Biol Chem.1937; 112(2); 481-491.
Baker FJ, Silverton RE, Pallister CJ. Baker and Silverton’s Introduction to Laboratory Technology. (7th Ed.). ButterworthHeinemann, Wobrun, MA, USA, 1998. 448 p.
de Lima Junior EA, Yamashita AS, Pimentel GD, De Sousa LG, Santos RV, Gonçalves CL, Streck EL, de Lira FS, Rosa
Neto JC. Doxorubicin-caused severe hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, mediated by inhibition in AMPksignalling in
skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016; 7(5):615-25.
Pugazhendhi A, Edison TN, Velmurugan BK, Jacob JA, Karuppusamy I. Toxicity of Doxorubicin (Dox) to different experimental organ systems. Life Sci. 2018; 200(2018): 26-30.
Mohajeri M and Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against doxorubicin-induced toxicity and resistance: A review. Crit Rev OncolHematol. 2018; 122(2018):30-51.
Varela-López A, Battino M, Navarro-Hortal MD, Giampieri F, Forbes-Hernández TY, Romero-Márquez JM, Collado R,
Quiles JL. An update on the mechanisms related to cell death and toxicity of doxorubicin and the protective role of nutrients. Food ChemToxicol. 2019; 134(2019):110834.
Öz E and İlhan MN. Effects of melatonin in reducing the toxic effects of doxorubicin. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006; 286(1):11-15.
Mete R, Oran M, Topcu B, Oznur M, Seber ES, Gedikbasi A, Yetisyigit T. Protective effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ToxicolInd Health. 2016; 32(3): 551-557.
Uchendu IK, Nnedu EB, Okoroiwu HU, Ekeigwe IB. Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seed against CCl4-induced blood oxidant/antioxidant changes and hepatorenal toxicity in rats. J Med Allied Sci. 2020; 10(2): 52-61.
Palevsky PM, Liu KD, Brophy PD, Chawla LS, Parikh CR, Thakar CV, Tolwani AJ, Waikar SS, Weisbord SD. KDOQI US
commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 61(5): 649-672.
Dozie-Nwakile OC, Dozie NC, Kingsley UI, Catherine OF, Felicia ON. Effects of Kolaviron on Pneumonia-like Infection
Induced in Albino Wistar Rats. Anti-Inflamm. Anti-Allergy Agents Med. Chem. 2021; 20(2): 219-227.
Ikenna KU, Chidozie EA, Oliver CO, Eluke BC, Ikechukwu JC, Nnedu EB, Tochi FN, Oluwanifemi PA. Effect of soy (Glycine max) against alcohol-induced biochemical alteration in liver of male albino rat. Der Pharma Chem. 2017; 9(16):115-119.
Chukwuma OO, Elochukwu AC, Kingsley UI, Chinyere NA, Sunday OJ. Anti-diabetic and renal protective effect of the fruit juice of Citrus x Paradisi on alloxan induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats. Der Pharma. Lett. 2016; 8(19):32-38.
Abdulkadir FM, Mustapha M, Haruna HM. Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Activity of Allium cepa. L. Ethanol
Extract Against Bacteria Isolated from Hawked Moringaoleifera Meal Sold within Kaduna Metropolis. Niger J
Chem Res. 2017; 22(2):82-87.
Górniak I, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J. Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochem Rev. 2019; 18(1):241-272.
Karak P. Biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. IntJPharmSciRes. 2019; 10(4):1567-1574.
Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Wegwu MO, OkiyiJK. Hepaoprotective effect of African locust bean and negro pepper
in Adriamycin include liver damage on Wister albino rats. Int J Pharmacol. 2010; 6(5):744-749.
Mete R, Oran M, Topcu B, Oznur M, Seber ES, Gedikbasi A, Yetiyigit T. Protective effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract
against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ToxicolInd Health. 2016; 32(3): 551-557.
Harmeet S, Bedi PS, Singh B. Hepatoprotective activity of Allimcepa against dimethyl benzanthracene- induced liver
damage in Wister albino rats. Eur J Med Plants. 2011; 1(4): 162-170.