Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic Activities and Isolation of Some Chemical Constituents from Different Extracts of Pergularia daemia
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i10.19
Keywords:
Asclepiadaceae, Pergularia daemia, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic activity, FlavonoidsAbstract
Pergularia daemia is a wild plant growing in Albaha region. This study aimed to investigate some chemical constituents of P. daemia and their biological activities. The aerial parts of daemia were extracted with water and organic solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, methanol, and petroleum ether). The chemical constituents of the unsaponifiable and the fatty acid fractions were identified using GC-MS analyses. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were subjected to chromatographic techniques. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts were determined using colorimetric assay. The antioxidant activity as determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method while the cytotoxic activity was evaluated using HepG-2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts afforded five flavonoidal compounds; apigenin, chyrsoeriol, quercetin, vitexin and lucenin-2.The total phenolic content of the extract ranged from 15.14 ± 0.02 to 39.33 ± 0.17 mg GAE/g. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest total flavonoid content (76.11 ± 0.16 mg QE/g) and the highest antioxidant activity (93.95%). The extracts showed varied degrees of inhibition against tested strains with the ethyl acetate extract having the maximum inhibition zone (17 to 23 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The ethyl acetate extract showed a strong cytotoxicity activity against HEPG2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 1.62 µg/mL and 2.48 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report of the isolation of the five flavonoidal compounds from P. daemia. The plant has potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic agents.
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