Acacia cyanophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Pistacia atlantica Ethanol Extracts Revealed Cytotoxicity of Breast Cancer Cell Lines
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i10.18
Keywords:
Breast Cancer, Medicinal Plants, Cytotoxicity, Acacia, Eucalyptus, PistaciaAbstract
The available surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments of breast cancer are costly and associated with undesired side effects. Therefore, new alternative treatments need to be investigated using medicinal plants that have been the source of active ingredients for many drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of ethanol extracts of Acacia cyanophylla leaves, Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves and fruits, and Pistacia atlantica leaves and petioles against four breast cancer cell lines and one normal skin fibroblast cell line using MTT colorimetric assay. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was conducted using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Acacia cyanophylla leaves extract showed high cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and very low cytotoxicity against the normal cell line. Eucalyptus camaldulensis fruits extract showed high cytotoxicity against SKBR3 and ZR-75-1 cell lines, with moderate cytotoxicity against the normal cell line. Pistacia atlantica petioles extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity against SKBR3 cell lines and low cytotoxicity against the normal cell line. All plant extracts showed low cytotoxicity against T47D cell line. Unique chemicals were detected in each extract that could explain the difference in cytotoxicity. Chemical composition analysis of the plant extracts revealed that isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside and spathulenol are candidate compounds for in vivo study in order to investigate their efficacy and safety as potential drugs to treat breast cancer. In conclusion, A. cyanophylla, camaldulensis, and P. atlantica extracts have potential cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells and could be a potential source of compounds to develop a drug to treat breast cancer.
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