Anticancer Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction and Ethanol Leaf Extract of Olax subscorpioidea against DMBA-Induced Female Rats http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i1.47
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related deaths in developing nations. Olax subscorpioidea is used in Nigerian traditional medicine as a treatment for cancer. The study examined the effects of Olax subscorpioidea's ethyl acetate fraction (OSEA) and ethanol leaf extract (OSE) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated using established procedures. The study involved 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 110 ± 20 g. The rats were given a dose of 80 mg/kg of DMBA to stimulate proliferation. Subsequently, OSEA, OSE (250 mg/kg BW), and tamoxifen (6.6 mg/kg
- BW) were administered. The trial spanned a duration of 22 weeks. The study evaluated the impact of the treatment on various aspects such as body weight, organ weight, liver and kidney function, oxidative stress indicators, oestrogen levels, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Cancer antigen 153 (CA-153), and mammary tissue histology. It was found that body weight, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Reduced glutathione (GSH), liver enzymes, and renal function increased significantly with OSEA and OSE therapy. The levels of oestrogen, IL-6, CA-153, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly. The histological study revealed that OSEA and OSE had a positive impact on acini normalisation and the inhibition of breast ductal cell growth. The study found that OSEA and OSE demonstrated promising effects against cancer, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in rats with DMBA-induced breast cancer. The results offer scientific support for the traditional use of Olax subscorpioidea as a potential natural remedy for breast cancer
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Adeloye D, David RA, Aderemi AV, Iseolorunkanmi A,
Oyedokun A, Iweala EEJ, Omoregbe, N, Ayo CK. An
estimate of the incidence of prostate cancer in Africa: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One.
;11(4):1–18.
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram
I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020:
GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality
worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin.
;71(3): 209–49.
Kashyap D, Pal D, Sharma R, Garg VK, Goel N, Koundal D,
Zaguia A, Koundal S, Belay A. Global increase in breast
cancer incidence: Risk factors and preventive measures.
Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022: 1-16.
Gidado A, Boonpisuttinant K, Kanjanawongwanich S. Anticancer, and anti-oxidative activities of Nigerian traditional
medicinal plants/recipes. J Complement Med Res.
;10(4): 200–11.
Yasuda MT, Sakakibara H, Shimoi K. Estrogen- and stressinduced DNA damage in breast cancer and chemoprevention
with dietary flavonoid. Genes Environ. 2017;39(10):1-9.
Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar N V., Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini
L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Fokou PVT, Azzini E, Peluso I,
Mishra, AP, Nigam M, Rayess YE, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L,
Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN,
Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, Oxidative
Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the
Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol.
;11(694): 1-21.
Smith J, Neupane R, McAmis W, Singh U, Chatterjee S,
Raychoudhury S. Toxicity of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons involves NOX2 activation. Toxicol Rep. 2019;
:1176–81.
Nassan MA, Soliman MM, Ismail SA, El-Shazly S. Effect of
Taraxacum officinale extract on PI3K/Akt pathway in
DMBA-induced breast cancer in albino rats. Biosci Rep.
;38(6): 1-11.
Debela DT, Muzazu SGY, Heraro KD, Ndalama MT, Mesele
BW, Haile DC, Kitui SK, Manyazewal T. New approaches
and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives.
SAGE Open Med. 2021;9: 1-10.
Parham S, Kharazi AZ, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Nur H, Ismail
AF, Sharif S, RamaKrishan S, Berto F. Antioxidant,
antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials.
Antioxidants. 2020;9(12): 1309-1345.
Desai AG, Qazi GN, Ganju RK, El-Tamer M, Singh J,
Saxena AK, Bedi YS, Taneja SC, Bhat HK. Medicinal plants
and cancer chemoprevention. Curr Drug Metab. 2008;9(7):
-591.
Wang H, Zhang K, Liu J, Yang J, Tian Y, Yang C, Li Y, Shao
M, Su W, Song N. Curcumin regulates cancer progression: Focus on ncRNAs and molecular signaling pathways. Front.
Oncol. 2021;11: 1-10.
Škubník J, Pavlíčková VS, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Vincristine
in combination therapy of cancer: Emerging trends in clinics.
Biology. 2021;10(9): 849-874.
Falodun A, Engel N, Kragl U, Nebe B, Langer P. Novel
anticancer alkene lactone from Persea americana. Pharm
Biol. 2013;51(6): 700–706.
Ohiagu FO, Chikezie PC, Chikezie CM, Enyoh CE.
Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review.
Futur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Dec;7(70):1–21.
Ahmad MH, Jatau AI, Alshargi OY, Julde SM, Mohammed
M, Muhammad S, Mustapha S, Bala AA, Wada AS, Aminu
M, Usman, AM. Ethnopharmacological uses,
phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olax
subscorpioidea Oliv (Olacaceae): a review. Futur J Pharm
Sci. 2021;7(115): 1-13.
Adelegan A, Dokunmu T, Iweala E. In-vitro antioxidant
activity and cytotoxic effect of ethanol leaf extract and
fractions of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae). Trop. J.
Nat. Prod. Res. 2023;7(8): 2837-2844
Zingue S, Njuh AN, Tueche AB, Tamsa J, Tchoupang EN,
Kakene SD, Sipping MTK, Njamen D. In vitro cytotoxicity
and in vivo antimammary tumor effects of the hydroethanolic
extract of Acacia seyal (Mimosaceae) Stem Bark. Biomed
Res Int. 2018; 2018:1–13.
Kaskurthy R, Koneri R, Samaddar S. Evaluation of antitumor activity of Momordica cymbalaria fenzl. Int J Basic
Clin Pharmacol. 2015;4(4); 779–86.
Earnest Oghenesuvwe E, Daniel Lotanna A. Guidelines on
dosage calculation and stock solution preparation in
experimental animals’ studies. J. Nat. Sci. 2014;4(18): 100-
Iweala EEJ, Evbakhavbokun WO, Maduagwu EN.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Cajanus cajan in
N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver damage. Sci Pharm.
; 87(24):1–13.
Nair D, Shridhar N, Jayakumar K. Evaluation of anticancer
activity of Asteracantha longifolia in 7,12-
Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary gland
carcinogenesis in Sprague Dawley rats. Int J Nutr Pharmacol
Neurol Dis. 2015; 5(1):28–33.
Siddique YH, Ara G, Afzal M. Estimation of lipid
peroxidation induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured
human lymphocytes. Dose-Response. 2012;10(1):1–10.
Li X. Improved pyrogallol autoxidation method: A reliable
and cheap superoxide-scavenging assay suitable for all
antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60(25):6418–24.
Prins G, Loose J. Chapter 4 Biochemical methods in red
blood cell genetics. In: GLUTATHIONE. London:
Academic Press. N.Y.D; 1969. p. 126–9.
Hamza AA, Khasawneh MA, Elwy HM, Hassanin SO,
Elhabal SF, Fawzi NM. Salvadora persica attenuates
DMBA-induced mammary cancer through downregulation
oxidative stress, estrogen receptor expression and
proliferation and augmenting apoptosis. Biomed &
Pharmacother. 2022; 147(112666): 1-12.
Wang Z, Zhang X. Chemopreventive activity of honokiol
against 7, 12 - Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced
mammary cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats. Front
Pharmacol. 2017;8(320): 1-11.
Kumar V, Sachan R, Rahman M, Rub RA, Patel DK, Sharma
K, Gahtori P, Al-abbasi FA, Alhayyani S, Anwar F, Kim HS.
Chemopreventive effects of Melastoma malabathricum L.
extract in mammary tumor model via inhibition of oxidative
stress and inflammatory cytokines. Biomed Pharmacother.
;137(111298): 1-9.
Henry DP, Ranjan J, Murugan RK, Sivanantham A,
Alagumuthu M. Exploration of anti-breast cancer effects of
Terminalia chebula extract on DMBA-induced mammary
carcinoma in Sprague Dawley rats. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2020;
(1):108.
Konan K, Justin NK, Lydie B, Souleymane M, Francis YA,
David NJ. Hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant activity
of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae) and
Distemonathus benthamianus Baill. (Caesalpiniaceae).
Pharmacogn Mag. 2015;11(41):111–116.
Akhouri V, Kumar A, Kumari M. Antitumour Property of
Pterocarpus santalinus Seeds Against DMBA-Induced
Breast Cancer in Rats. Breast Cancer: Basic Clin. Res.
;14: 1-9.
Ojeswi B, Khoobchandani M, Hazra D, Srivastava M.
Protective effect of Thuja occidentalis against DMBAinduced breast cancer with reference to oxidative stress. Hum
Exp Toxicol. 2010; 29(5):369–75.
Younus H. Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase.
Int J Health Sci. 2018; 12(3): 88-93.
Krishnamoorthy D, Sankaran M. Modulatory effect of
Pleurotus ostreatus on oxidant/antioxidant status in 7, 12-
dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced mammary carcinoma in
experimental rats - A dose-response study. J Cancer Res
Ther. 2016; 12(1):386–394.
Jelic MD, Mandic AD, Maricic SM, Srdjenovic BU.
Oxidative stress and its role in cancer. J Cancer Res Ther.
;17(1): 22–28.
Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Ciriolo MR. Glutathione: New roles
in redox signalling for an old antioxidant. Front Pharmacol.
;5(196):1–12.
Mvondo MA, Wego Kamgaing MT, Wansi Ngnokam SL.
Aqueous extract of Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae) leaves
inhibited tumor growth in female wistar rats with 7,12-
Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced breast cancer. J Evid
Based Complementary Altern Med. 2021; 2021:1–14.
Masjedi A, Hashemi V, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Ghalamfarsa G,
Azizi G, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The significant role
of interleukin-6 and its signaling pathway in the
immunopathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer.
Biomed. Pharmacother. 2018;108:1415–24.
Gulbahce-Mutlu E, Baltaci SB, Menevse E, Mogulkoc R,
Baltaci AK. The effect of zinc and melatonin administration
on lipid peroxidation, IL-6 levels, and element metabolism in
DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res.
;199(3):1044–51.
Bassong TR, Kenmogne LV, Awounfack CF, Ndinteh DT,
Njamen D, Zingue S. Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyxes
aqueous extract on antioxidant status and histopathology in
mammary tumor-induced in rats. J Evid Based
Complementary Altern Med. 2022; 2022:1–13.
Chu WG, Ryu DW. Clinical significance of serum CA15-3
as a prognostic parameter during follow-up periods in
patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res.
;90(2):57–63.