Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Extracts  of Strychnos Innocua Del.: doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.24

Rachel G. Ayo; Jonathan I Achika; Olubunmi O. Bolarin-Akinwande; Dollapo Fawole

Authors

Rachel G. Ayo Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Jonathan I Achika Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Olubunmi O. Bolarin-Akinwande Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Dollapo Fawole Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant, Phytochemical analysis, Secondary metabolites, Strychnos innocua, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical.

Abstract

Strychnos innocua is a shrub, or small tree which grows up to 10 m tall. It belongs to the family Loganiaceae and is often straight-stemmed. The root decoction is taken as a remedy for gonorrhoea, and the fresh roots extracts are used to treat snakebite. The aim of the study was to use established methods to assess the phytochemical content, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Strychnos innocua leaves. All of the extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. The ethyl acetate extract yielded flavonoids and tannins (3.4 percent and 13.8 percent, respectively). In comparison to the other extracts, the methanol extract had the highest levels of phenolic (10.44%) and saponins (4.2%). The methanol extract has the highest alkaloid concentration (6.0%). With a mean zone of inhibition of 11 to 18 mm, the extracts were effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 3.125 and 12.50 g/mL, respectively. At 250 g/mL, the antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were 59.2, 56.1, 88.8, and 91.3%, respectively. When compared to ascorbic acid, the ethyl acetate extract exhibits a reductive potential of 0.91nm (1.3 nm). Finally, the extracts of S. innocua contained a variety of phytochemicals, showed significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities

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