Effects of Thanaka (<i>Hesperethusa crenulata</i>) Stem Bark Extract on Collagen Activation and Anti-Melanogenesis for Cosmetic Applications
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i1.21
Keywords:
collagen production, melanocytes, human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, marmesin, Thanaka stem barkAbstract
Thanaka (Hesperethusa crenulata) stem bark has been utilized as natural cosmetics, particularly in Myanmar since a thousand years ago. However, information on bioactive compounds is still limited. This research aimed to quantify the marmesin levels in the extracts of Thanaka stem bark using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Thanaka stem bark samples were obtained from diverse markets in Myaing Township, Magway Region (S1), Monywa Township (S2), and Shwebo Township (S3) from Sagaing Region. Moreover, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, collagen production, and anti-melanogenic effects were investigated. The marmesin content in Thanaka stem bark extracts derived from S1, S2, and S3 were 12.86 ± 0.48, 1.38 ± 0.09, and 7.61 ± 0.68 mg/g dry extract, respectively. The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. S1 exhibited the most favorable IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS which were 56.43 ± 1.49 µg/mL, and 14.04 ± 0.05 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, it demonstrated a corresponding FRAP value of 337.62 ± 11.00 mM in terms of Ferrous sulfate equivalent per gram dry extract. Cell assays revealed no toxicity in immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) treated with extracts at concentrations below 1000 µg/mL. Moreover, human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1 cells) exhibited enhancement in collagen production without any observed toxicity. Furthermore, Thanaka stem bark extracts could reduce melanin content and provide moderate tyrosinase inhibition in murine melanoma (B16F10) cells without toxicity. In conclusion, Thanaka stem bark extract demonstrates promising biological activities for development as a multifunctional skin care product.
References
Bhuvaneswari T, Thiyagarajan M, Geetha N, Venkatachalam P. Bioactive compound loaded stable silver nanoparticle synthesis from microwave irradiated aqueous extracellular leaf extracts of Naringi crenulata and its wound healing activity in experimental rat model. Acta Tropica. 2014; 135: 55–61.
Subramanian S, Ramakrishnan N. Chromatographic finger print analysis of Naringi crenulata by HPTLC technique. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011; 1(2): S195–S198.
Samundeeswari A, Chittibabu CV, Arumugam P. In vitro investigation on the antibacterial activities of the leaves of Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicols. Int J Curr Sci. 2012; 4: 94–97.
Seiverling EV, Trubiano JP, Williams JC, Ahrns HT, Craft DW, England MR. Analysis of the Antimicrobial Properties of Thanaka, a Burmese Powder Used to Treat Acne. J Biosci Med. 2017; 5(7): 1–6.
Wangthong S, Palaga T, Rengpipat S, Wanichwecharungruang SP, Chanchaisak P, Heinrich M. Biological activities and safety of Thanaka (Hesperethusa crenulata) stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 132(2): 466–472.
Singh N, Meena MK, Patni V. In vitro rapid multiplication of a highly valuable medicinal plant Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5(31): 6752–6758.
Lim MW, Aroua MK, Gew LT. Thanaka (H. crenulata, N. crenulata, L. acidissima L.): A Systematic Review of Its Chemical, Biological Properties and Cosmeceutical Applications. Cosmetics. 2021; 8(3): 1-26.
Nayar MNS, Bhan MK. Coumarins and other constituents of Hesperethusa crenulata. Phytochemistry. 1972; 11(11): 3331–3333.
Niu XM, Li SH, Peng LY, Lin ZW, Rao GX, Sun HD. Constituents from Limonia Crenulata. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2001; 3(4): 299–311.
Lee SS, Kim HG, Park EH, Kim KJ, Bang MH, Kim G, Jeon HJ, Lee CG, Shin MC, Kim DO, Baek NI. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 cells of coumarins from the bark of Hesperethusa crenulata R. Appl Biol Chem. 2021; 64(1): 1-6.
Wang Q, Zhong S, Wu H, Wu Q. In vitro anti-cancer effect of marmesin by suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway in esophagus cancer cells. Esophagus. 2022; 19(1): 163–174.
Znati M, Zardi-Bergaoui A, Daami-Remadi M, Ben Jannet H. Semi-synthesis, antibacterial, anticholinesterase activities, and drug likeness properties of new analogues of coumarins isolated from Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire. Chemistry Africa. 2020; 3(3): 635–645.
Jain M, Trivedi A, Mishra SH. Tlc Determination of Marmesin, a Biologically Active Marker from Feronia Limonia L. Am J Plant Sci. 2010; 1(1): 12–16.
Kim JH, Kim JK, Ahn EK, Ko HJ, Cho YR, Lee CH, Kim YK, Bae GU, Oh JS, Seo DW. Marmesin is a novel angiogenesis inhibitor: Regulatory effect and molecular mechanism on endothelial cell fate and angiogenesis. Cancer Letters. 2015; 369(2): 323–330.
Chang CF, Wang CH, Lee TH, Liu SM. Bioactive compounds from the bark of Broussonetia papyrifera after solid fermentation with a white rot fungus Perenniporia tephropora. J Wood Chem and Technol. 2020; 40(5): 317–330.
Joo SH, Lee SC, Kim SK. UV absorbent, marmesin, from the bark of Thanakha, Hesperethusa crenulata L. J Plant Biol. 2004; 47(2): 163–165.
Chutoprapat R, Malilas W, Rakkaew R, Udompong S, Boonpisuttinant K. Collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) extracts. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2020; 58(1):1023–1031.
Lee S, Park HO, Yoo W. Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Cell-Free Supernatant from Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(4): 1-11.
Lee JY, Cho YR, Park JH, Ahn EK, Jeong W, Shin HS, Kim MS,Yang SH, Oh JS. Anti-melanogenic and anti-oxidant activities of ethanol extract of Kummerowia striata: Kummerowia striata regulate anti-melanogenic activity through down-regulation of TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expression. Toxicology Reports. 2019; 6:10–17.
Lorz L, Yoo B, Kim MY, Cho J. Anti-Wrinkling and Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Pradosia mutisii Methanol Extract. IJMS. 2019; 20(5): 1-18.
Kanlayavattanakul M, Phrutivorapongkul A, Lourith N, Ruangrungsi N. Pharmacognostic Specification of Naringi Crenulata Stem Wood. J Health Res. 2009; 23(2): 65–69.
Laosirisathian N, Saenjum C, Sirithunyalug J, Eitssayeam S, Sirithunyalug B, Chaiyana W. The Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities, and Irritation Properties of Sripanya Punica granatum Peel Extract. Cosmetics. 2020; 7(1): 1-13.
Sembiring EN, Elya B, Sauriasari R. Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid and Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. PJ. 2017; 10(1): 123–127.
Ahn MJ, Lee MK, Kim YC, Sung SH. The simultaneous determination of coumarins in Angelica gigas root by high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector coupled with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2008; 46(2): 258–266.
ICH-Guidelines. ICH Guideline, Validation of analytical procedures: text and methdology. ICH Q2 (R1). 2005.
Farasat M, Khavari-Nejad RA, Nabavi SMB, Namjooyan F. Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolics and Flavonoid Contents of some Edible Green Seaweeds from Northern Coasts of the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 13(1): 163–170.
Bakhouche I, Aliat T, Boubellouta T, Gali L, Şen A, Bellik Y. Phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory effects of leaves and roots extracts of the halophyte Limonium delicatulum. S Afr J Bot. 2021; 139: 42–49.
Chaves N, Santiago A, Alías JC. Quantification of the Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts: Analysis of Sensitivity and Hierarchization Based on the Method Used. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(1): 1-15.
Cha H, Kim SK, Kook M, Yi TH. Lactobacillus paraplantarum THG-G10 as a potential anti-acne agent with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Anaerobe. 2020; 64: 1-7.
Longsri B, Kanpipit N, Puthongking P, Mahakunakorn P, Tiyaworanant S, Sungthong B, Thapphasaraphong S. Determination of a Chemical Marker in Dipterocarpus alatus Oleoresin Samples and Bioactivity Screening via Antioxidants, Nitric Oxide Inhibition on Murine RAW 264.7 Cells, and Collagen Production on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(5): 850–856.
Lersprajak O, Kanpipit N, Nualkaew N, Puthongking P, Thapphasaraphong S. Effects of Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf and Bark Extracts on UVB-Protection, Collagen Stimulating Activity and Nitric Oxide Inhibition. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(9): 1638–1644.
Kanpipit N, Nualkaew N, Thapphasaraphong S. The Potential of Purple Waxy Corn Cob (Zea mays L.) Extract Loaded-Sericin Hydrogel for Anti-Hyperpigmentation, UV Protection and Anti-Aging Properties as Topical Product Applications. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 16(1): 1-23.
Alam MZ, Alhebsi MSR, Ghnimi S, Kamal-Eldin A. Inability of total antioxidant activity assays to accurately assess the phenolic compounds of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.). NFS Journal. 2021; 22: 32–40.
Imieje VO, Onochie CF, Nwaka B, Falodun A. Original Research Article In vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Extracts of the Stem Bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Harms) Mimosaceae. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(11): 1858-1863.
Borokini TI, Ayodele AE. Phytochemical screening of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze collected from four geographical locations in Nigeria. Int J Mod Bot. 2012; 2(4): 97–102.
Ghimire BK, Seo JW, Kim SH, Ghimire B, Lee JG, Yu CY, Chung IM. Influence of Harvesting Time on Phenolic and Mineral Profiles and Their Association with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. Agronomy. 2021; 11(7):1-18.
Fanali C, Della Posta S, Vilmercati A, Dugo L, Russo M, Petitti T, Mondello L, de Gara L. Extraction, Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in Different Italian Extra-Virgin Olive Oils. Molecules. 2018; 23(12): 1-17.
Kim YH, Cho ML, Kim DB, Shin GH, Lee JH, Lee JS, Park SO, Lee SJ, Shin HM, Lee OH. The Antioxidant Activity and Their Major Antioxidant Compounds from Acanthopanax senticosus and A. koreanum. Molecules. 2015; 20(7): 13281–13295.
Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Furman-Toczek D, Zagórska-Dziok M. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and leaves extract on HaCaT and BJ fibroblast cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2018; 17(1): 1-12.
Tripoli E, Giammanco M, Tabacchi G, Di Majo D, Giammanco S, La Guardia M. The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health. Nutr Res Rev. 2005; 18(1): 98–112.
Bodin J, Adrien A, Bodet PE, Dufour D, Baudouin S, Maugard T, Bridiau N. Ulva intestinalis Protein Extracts Promote In Vitro Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Production by Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2020; 25: 1-21.
D’Mello SAN, Finlay GJ, Baguley BC, Askarian-Amiri ME. Signaling Pathways in Melanogenesis. IJMS. 2016; 17(7): 1–18.
Chan YY, Kim KH, Cheah SH. Inhibitory effects of Sargassum polycystum on tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011; 137(3): 1183–1188.
Chou ST, Chang WL, Chang CT, Hsu SL, Lin YC, Shih Y. Cinnamomum cassia Essential Oil Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanin Production and Oxidative Stress in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells. IJMS. 2013; 14(9): 19186–19201.
Moon KM, Yang JH, Lee MK, Kwon EB, Baek J, Hwang T, Kim JI, Lee B. Maclurin Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities, Suppressing Melanogenesis. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(6): 1-11.
Wang W, Gao Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Yin J, Le T, Xue J, Engelhardt UH, Jiang H. Kojic Acid Showed Consistent Inhibitory Activity on Tyrosinase from Mushroom and in Cultured B16F10 Cells Compared with Arbutins. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(3): 1-14.
Pewlong W, Sajjabut S, Chookaew S, Eamsiri J, Khemthong K, Maikaew L. Improvement of Thanaka Powder by Gamma Radiation: Microbial and Chemical Properties. Chiang Mai Univ J Nat Sci. 2021; 20(2): 1-9
Shu P, Li J, Fei Y, Zhu H, Yu M, Liu A, Niu H, Zou S, Wei X, Ju Z., Xu Z. Isolation, structure elucidation, tyrosinase inhibitory, and antioxidant evaluation of the constituents from Angelica dahurica roots. J Nat Med. 2020; 74(2): 456–462.
Funasaka Y, Komoto M, Ichihashi M. Depigmenting Effect of α-Tocopheryl Ferulate on Normal Human Melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res. 2000; 13: 170–174.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
