Determination of Antimalarial Properties of the Extract and Fractions of <i>Brenania brieyi (Rubiaceae)</i> Root In-Vivo Using Curative Model
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i1.43
Keywords:
Plasmodium berghei, Parasitemia, Hematological parameters, Brenania brieyi, Artemisinin, Antiplasmodial activityAbstract
Brenania brieyi (Rubiaceae) root is a medicinal plant, which has been widely used in ethno-medicine due to its antimalarial properties. The study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial potentials of B. brieyi root. Aqueous methanol extract of the roots of Brenania brieyi was prepared using cold maceration and dried in vacuo at 40 °C. The extract was fractionated using solvent-solvent partitioning with different solvents of varying polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). Phytoconstituents of the extract and fractions were determined using standard procedures while the acute toxicity testing were carried out according to Lorkes method. Curative (8-day) test was employed for the antimalarial activity and the hematological parameters were also determined using standard procedures. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) hyphenated technique was used to investigate volatile compounds present in the n-hexane fraction. Phytoconstituents present includes alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, saponins while terpenoids is absent. Extracts at 200 and 400 mg/Kg dose levels caused a significant (p<0.05) comparable increase in parasitemia clearance of 86.36 % and 86.52 % respectively as opposed to 83.91 % clearance obtained from the standard (Arthemeter-lumefantrine). Ethyl acetate (87.89 %) and methanol (87.65 %) fractions gave higher clearance than Arthemeter-lumefantrine. The extract and fractions showed sufficient red blood cell restoration and reduction of white blood cell levels post treatment. GC-MS result shows the presence of twenty phyto-compounds, these scientific findings support the traditional use of Brenania brieyi root in management of malaria, for which the plant is known and used for.
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