Antidepressant Activity of Ethanol Extract and Residual Aqueous Fraction of <i>Carissa edulis</i> (Apocynaceae) Root Bark in Mice
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v1i3.9
Keywords:
Tail suspension test, Forced swim test, Imipramine, Carissa edulis, AntidepressantAbstract
Carissa edulis (Vahl) (family, apocynaceae) is used traditionally for the management of headache, chest pain, gonorrhea, rheumatism, epilepsy and some mental illness. This study was aimed at evaluating the antidepressant activity of the ethanol extract of Carissa edulis root bark and its residual aqueous fraction. Two experimental animal models namely Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST); using mice as experimental animals were used. The extract in FST exhibited dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the duration of immobility at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg (55.3 ± 5.24 s, 28.7 ± 1.39 s and 22.7 ± 1.52 s, respectively) when compared
to the control group (57.1 ± 5.93 s). For the TST, the extract produced dose-dependent decrease (92.1 ± 4.66 s, 75.3 ± 4.22 s and 63.0 ± 2.47 s at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) however, only 20 mg/kg of the extract and imipramine (10 mg/kg), produced significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the duration of immobility when both were compared to the control group (94.0 ± 9.79 s). However, there was no significant activity for the residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at all the tested doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg), in both FST and TST; but the activity was significant (p < 0.05) with imipramine (10 mg/kg) as compared with the control group. The ethanol root bark extract of the plant possesses bioactive principles with antidepressant activity. Therefore, the plant part could be considered active as whole extract. This lend scientific credence to the use of the plant by traditional herbalists in mental illness.
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