Human Health Risk Assessment in Relation to Heavy Metals in The Atlantic Mackerel (<i>Scomber scrombrus</i>, L. 1758) Sold in Some Major Markets in Benin City, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v1i1.6
Keywords:
Toxic hazard quotient, Heavy metals, Benin City, Atlantic MackerelAbstract
The study determined the concentrations of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in the Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scrombrus) of mean length 25.54 ± 1.35 cm and mean weight 195.22 ± 1.15 g, from selected markets in Benin city, in order to evaluate their suitability for human consumption, employing Atomic Absorption Spectrometric technique. The summary statistics revealed that the mean concentrations (dry weight) of the aforesaid heavy metals in fish ranged from 0.05 mg/kg (Cd) to 15.93 mg/kg (Zn). The mean concentration of Zn ranged from 13.33 mg/kg at Oba market to 19.22 mg/kg at Ramat market while for Cu, the range was from 7.453 mg/kg (Oba market) to 8.670 mg/kg (Uselu market). The mean concentration of Pb ranged from 0.03 mg/kg at Uselu market to 0.15 mg/kg at Ramat market while for Cr, the range was from 2.33 mg/kg (Oba market) to 3.05 mg/kg (Uselu market). The mean concentration of Cd ranged from 0.03 mg/kg at Oba market to 0.06 mg/kg at Ramat and Uselu markets. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for heavy metals in fish ranged from 0.002 mg/person/day for Cd to 0.64 mg/person/day for Zn. The study revealed the mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr in S. scrombrus were well below established thresholds for heavy metals in fishery products. However the toxic/hazard quotient (TQ) values revealed that Cd was the metal that presented a potential risk/hazard to the fish consuming public.
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