Toxicological Evaluation of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Blighia Sapida K.D. Koenig (Sapindaceae) in Rodents http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i12.48
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Abstract
The leaf of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig (Sapindaceae) has been used traditionally to treat several conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. However, there is still limited knowledge of its toxicity and safety. The study was aimed at investigating the sub-acute toxicological profile of the aqueous leaf extract of Blighia sapida in rodents. The leaf extract was obtained by cold maceration for 72 h. A 21-day sub-acute toxicity test was performed using doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg orally. In vitro, antioxidant tests were performed using standard methods 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) and hydroxyl tests. Biochemical, hematological and histological studies were performed. The leaf extract demonstrated antioxidant activity. The spleen was significantly increased at 2000 mg/kg compared to the control. Marked increases in hemoglobin levels at all the doses, hematocrit levels at 500 mg/kg and platelet counts at 1000 mg/kg relative to the control were observed. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg in relation to the control. Urea concentrations at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg were significantly increased relative to the control. A significant increase was observed in albumin levels at 500 and 2000 mg/kg compared to the control. Alkaline phosphatase was reduced at 2000 mg/kg compared to the control. Most organs showed normal histological features at 500 mg/kg. This study shows that repeated exposure of the extract to rats may be toxic at doses above 500 mg/kg and may be unsafe for traditional users at higher doses.
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