Time Kill Assay Evaluation of <i>Piper guineense</i> Leaf and Seed Extracts against Enteric Pathogen: http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i12.47

Ngozika .O. Achukwu; Samuel .O. Ebede; Veronica. N. Emenuga

Authors

Ngozika .O. Achukwu Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.
Samuel .O. Ebede Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus
Veronica. N. Emenuga Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.

Keywords:

In-vitro, Phytochemical Methanol, Proximate, Antimicrobial, Piper guineense

Abstract

Piper guineense is a vital herb in use for the treatment of infections in folklore medicine. It’s also used as an additive to food to enhance the taste during food processing. Most people do not understand its medicinal usages and value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility and the time kill activity of Piper guineense leaf and seed against some enteric pathogen and determine the proximate and phytochemical constituents that support the clinical use. The leaves and seeds of Piper guineense were dried under shades and ground to a fine powder, screened for its proximate and phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility was done using agar well diffusion method; serial doubling dilution (MIC) and time kill assay activity. The pathogens used were Shigella dysenteriae. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The phytochemical analysis showed that it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Piper guineense against enteric pathogen showed that the extracts are sensitive to the microorganisms tested. The most sensitive was aqueous extract of the seeds on Salmonella typhi with mean zone of inhibition of 35.0±0.3mm.The time kill assay showed reduction in number of viable cells cfu/ml on incubation. At MIC there was a reduction between 6-8hrs, while at 2 × MIC reduction occurs within 3- 4hours. This research reveals that P. guineense can serve as a potential antimicrobial in the treatment of infections based on its antimicrobial activity.

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