Phytochemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil of Juniperus phoenicea from Fez-Meknes Region, North Central Morocco http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i12.39
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Abstract
Morocco's climate, characterized by a diverse range of ecosystems, including coastal areas, mountains, and deserts, provides favorable conditions for the growth of a wide variety of plants. Many of these plants contain active chemicals with various biological activities, including antibacterial and antifungal activities. For this reason, the study aim to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea leaves and twigs collected from the central region of Morocco, specifically Fès-Meknès. The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation using the Clavenger-type apparatus. The EO was subsequently subjected to gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the agar disk diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major compounds of Juniperus phoenicea EO are α-pinene (43.61%) and manoyl oxide (11.50%). The results of the antimicrobial activity evaluation showed that Juniperus phoenicea EO exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, notably E. coli (ATB: 97) and E. coli (ATB: 57), with inhibition zone diameters of 23.67 ± 1.15 mm and 23.33 ± 2.89 mm, respectively. The lowest MIC value was 0.1 µL/mL. In addition, Juniperus phoenicea EO displayed strong antifungal activity, particularly against F. oxysporum, A. alternate, and C. albicans with inhibition zone diameters of 40.61 ± 1.53 mm, 17.33 ± 1.52 mm, and 10.5 ± 1.80 mm, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of Juniperus phoenicea essential oil could be attributed to the distinctive chemical composition.
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