Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Four Euphorbia Species from Jordan http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i12.25
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The current study was designed to reveal the main groups of secondary metabolites in the methanol (M) and acetone (A) extracts from four Euphorbia species from Jordan. The extracts of these species were also tested for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic effects against human MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Different groups of secondary metabolites were found in the M and A extracts of E. hierosolymitana, E. aleppica, E. petiolata, and E. prostrata. All extracts had moderately high TPC and TFC. Of all species, both extracts of E. aleppica had an exceptionally high TFC that far exceeded its content in all other extracts (1462.67 ± 0.04; 1600.44 ± 0.03 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract, respectively). E. prostrata extracts had high amounts of TPC (182.61 ± 0.12; 187.35 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and TFC (629.78 ± 0.00; 774.22 ± 0.01 mg quercetin/g extract). Extracts obtained from the tested Euphorbia species had moderate high antioxidant activity, but the DPPH and ABTS-scavenging activity of the E. prostrata extracts was the highest, but were lower than those observed for the the positive controls (range 0.004–0.009 mg/mL). The methanol extract of E. hierosolymitana also showed strong DPPH scavenging activity (0.007 ± 0.002 mg/mL). The acetone extract of E. prostrata showed much stronger anticancer activity than the positive control drug, doxorubicin (62.5±3.71 mg/mL), against the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (HTB-26TM) cell line (IC50 value: 58 ± 3.71 µg/mL).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Judd W S, Campbell C S, Kellogg E A, Stevens P F, Donoghue M J. Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach. Ecol Mediterr. 1999; 25(2): 215.
Pahlevani A H, Akhani H. Seed morphology of Iranian annual species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 2011; 167(2): 212-234.
Lahham, J, Abu Ayidah R. Pollen Morphology of Jordanian Euphorbiaceae. 1994.
Zohary M. Plant Life of Palestine: Israel and Jordan. Plant Life of Palestine: Israel and Jordan. 1962.
Kumar, S, Malhotra R, Kumar D. Euphorbia hirta: Its chemistry, traditional and medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010; 4(7): 58-61.
Ghorbani A. Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran:(Part 1): General results. J ethnopharmacol. 2005; 102(1): 58-68.
Mahajan R T, Badgujar S B. Phytochemical investigations of some laticiferous plants belonging to Khandesh region of Maharashtra. Ethnobot leafl. 2008; 12: 1145-1152.
Zayed S M, Farghaly M, Taha H, Gotta H, Hecker E. Dietary cancer risk conditional cancerogens in produce of livestock fed on species of spurge (Euphorbiaceae). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1998; 124(3-4): 131-140.
Smith-Kielland I, Dornish J M, Malterud K E, Hvistendahl G, Rømming C, Bøckmann O C, Kolsaker P, Stenstrøm Y, Nordal A. Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the leaves of Euphorbia pulcherrima. Planta Med. 1996; 62(04): 322-325.
Seshagirirao K, Prasad MNV. Purification and partial characterization of a lectin from Euphorbia neriifolia latex. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1995; 35(6): 1199-1204.
Wu L J, Lewis P J, Allmansberger R, Hauser P M, Errington J. A conjugation-like mechanism for prespore chromosome partitioning during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Genes Dev. 1995; 9(11): 1316-1326.
Appendino G, Jakupovic S, Tron G C. Jakupovic J, Milon V, Ballero M. Macrocyclic diterpenoids from Euphorbia semiperfoliata. J Nat Prod. 1998; 61(6): 749-756.
Hohmann G, Gerloff U, Tautz D, Fruth B. Social bonds and genetic ties: kinship, association and affiliation in a community of bonobos (Pan paniscus). Behaviour. 1996; 136(9): 1219-1235.
Hohmann S, Bill R M, Kayingo G, Prior B A. Microbial MIP channels. Trends Microbiol. 2000; 8(1): 33-38.
Haba H, Lavaud C, Harkat H, Magid A A, Marcourt L, Benkhaled M. Diterpenoids and triterpenoids from Euphorbia guyoniana. Phytochemistry, 2007; 68(9): 1255-1260.
Nazemiyeh H, Kazemi E M, Zare K, Jodari M, Nahar L, Sarker S D. Free radical scavengers from the aerial parts of Euphorbia petiolata. J Nat Med. 2010; 64(2): 187-190..
Shi Y P, Jia Z J, Ma B, Saleh S, Lahham J. Ingenane diterpenes from Euphorbia petiolata. Planta Med. 1996; 62(3): 260-262.
Yang L, Shi Y P, Jia Z J, Saleh S, Lahham J. Four esters of a new pentacyclic diterpenoid of the myrsinol type from Euphorbia aleppica. J Nat Prod.1995; 58(12): 1883-1888.
Ivanova A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Kamenarska Z, Nechev J, Cohen Z, Popov S, Stefanov K. Lipophylic compounds from Euphorbia peplis L.- a halophytic plant from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Z Naturforsch. C. 2003; 58(11-12); 783-788.
Singh G, Kumar P. Phytochemical study and screening for antimicrobial activity of flavonoids of Euphorbia hirta. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2013; 3(2): 111-116.
Okolie N P, Falodun A, Davids O. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and it’s potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014; 11(3): 221-227.
Al-Bataineh N, Algethami F K, Al-Jaber H I, Alhamzani A G, Bataineh R M, Al-Dalahmeh Y, Bataineh T T, Abu-Orabi S T, Al-Qudah M A. Ballota saxatilis from Jordan: Evaluation of essential oil composition and phytochemical profiling of crude extracts and their in-vitro antioxidant activity. Separations, 2023; 10(2): 114.
Al-Qudah M A, Al-Smadi Z M, Al-Jaber H I, Tashtoush H I, Alkhatib R Q, Bataineh T T, Al-Dalahmeh Y, Abu-Orabi S T. GC/MS and LC-MS/MS phytochemical evaluation of the essential oil and selected secondary metabolites of Ajuga orientalis from Jordan and its antioxidant activity. Arab J Chem. 2023; 16(4): 104641.
Al-Qudah M A. Antioxidant acitvity and chemical composition of essential oils of fresh and air-dried Jordanian Nepeta curviflora Boiss. J Biol Act Prod Nat. 2016; 6(2): 101-111.
Al-momani L, Abu-Orabi S T, Hlail H M, Alkhatib R Q, Al-Dalahmeh Y, Al-Qudah M A. Anthemis cotula L. from Jordan: Essential oil composition, LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of phenolic acids-flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity. Arab J Chem. 2023; 16(2): 104470.
Al-Qudah M A. Chemical composition of essential oil from Jordanian Lupinus varius L. Arab J Chem. 2013; 6(2): 225-227.
Alkhatib R Q, Almasarweh A B, Abdo N M, Mayyas A S, Al-Qudah M A, Abu-Orabi S T. Chromatographic analysis (LC-MS and GC-MS), antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, total phenol, and total flavonoid determination of Cleome arabica L. growing in Jordan. Int J Food Prop. 2022; 25(1): 1920-1933.
Egharevba E, Chukwuemeke-Nwani P, Eboh U, Okoye E, Bolanle I O, Oseghale I O, Erharuyi O, Falodun A. Evaluation of the antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of the leaf extracts of Stachytarphyta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2019; 3(5): 170-174.
Yousef I, Oran S, Bustanji Y, Al-Eisawi D, Abu-Irmaileh B. Cytotoxic effect of selected wild medicinal plant species from Jordan on two different breast Ccancer cell lines, MCF7 and T47D. Biol Med. 2018; 10: 1-4.
Awawdeh L, Haimour R N, Al‐Jundi S H, Al‐Qaoud K. Human periodontal fibroblasts viability stored in Custodiol®, coconut water, and propolis. An ex vivo study. Dent Traumatol. 2018; 34: 264-270.
Barriada-Bernal L G, Almaraz-Abarca N, Delgado-Alvarado E A, Gallardo-Velázquez T, Ávila-Reyes J A, Torres-Morán M I, González-Elizondo M S, Herrera-Arrieta Y. Flavonoid composition and antioxidant capacity of the edible flowers of Agave durangensis (Agavaceae). CYTA J Food. 2014; 12(2): 105-114.
Dawidowicz A L, Olszowy M. Antioxidant properties of BHT estimated by ABTS assay in systems differing in pH or metal ion or water concentration. Eur Food Res Technol. 2011; 232(5): 837-842.
Amtaghri S, Akdad M, Slaoui M, Eddouks M. Traditional uses, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies of Euphorbia: A Review. Curr Top Med Chem. 2022; 22(19): 1553-1570.
Falodun A, Okunrobo L O, Uzoamaka N. Phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory evaluation of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Euphorbiaceae). Afr J of Biotechnol. 2006; 5(6): 529-531.
Muhammad Q, Gilani S N, Shahid F, Abdur R, Rifat N, Samreen P. Preliminary comparative phytochemical screening of Euphorbia species. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 2012; 12(8): 1056-1060.
Waheed K, Muhammad S K, Shomaila A, Muhammad Z, Izhar U, Ullah S. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia. Planta Daninha. 2020; 38: e020213727, doi: 10.1590/S0100-83582020380100011.
Venumadhav K, Seshagirirao K. Phytochemical screening and Antioxidant activity of Euphorbia caducifolia extracts. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2017; 8: 92-96.
Keerthana K, Deepa A, Shobana G, Jothi G, Sridharan G. Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant potential of Euphorbia heterophylla L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 6(8): 550-553.
Ahmad M, Khan R A, Khan F U, Khan N A, Shah M S, Khan M R. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract of Euphorbia prostrata collected from District Bannu (Pakistan). Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011; 5(8): 1175-1178.
Dai J, Mumper R J. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 2010; 15(10): 7313-7352.
Barla A, Öztürk M, Kültür Ş, Öksüz S. Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey. Fitoterapia, 2007; 78(6): 423-425.
Basma A A, Zakaria Z, Latha L Y, Sasidharan S. Antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of the methanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(5): 386-390.
De Araújo K M, De Lima A, Silva J D N, Rodrigues L L, Amorim A G, Quelemes P V, Dos Santos R C, Rocha J A, De Andrades É O, Leite J R S A, Mancini-Filho J. Identification of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Euphorbia Tirucalli L. Antioxidant, 2014; 3(1): 159-175.
Noori M, Chehreghani A, Kaveh M. Flavonoids of 17 species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2017; 91(4): 631-641.
AL-Faifi Z I. In vitro anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of crude methanolic extract of Euphorbia cactus Ehrenb. Plant Int J Pharmacol. 2019; 15(8): 907-915.
Ndam L M, Mih A M, Tening A S, Fongod A G N, Temenu N A, Fujii Y. Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Euphorbia golondrina LC Wheeler (Euphorbiaceae Juss.): an unexplored medicinal herb reported from Cameroon. Springerplus. 2016; 5: 264, doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-1928-8.
Chi S M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Pu J X, Du X, Liu J P, Wang J H, Chen Y G, Zhao Y. A new cyclopentanone derivative from Euphorbia hirta. Chem Nat Compd. 2012; 48(4): 577-579.
Yener İ, Ölmez Ö T, Ertas A, Yilmaz M A, Firat M, Kandemir S İ, Öztürk M, Kolak U, Temel H. A detailed study on chemical and biological profile of nine Euphorbia species from Turkey with chemometric approach: Remarkable cytotoxicity of E. fistulasa and promising tannic acid content of E. eriophora. Ind Crops Prod. 2018; 123: 442-453.
Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Sajjadi S E, Khodamoradi M. Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia macroclada on MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. Iran J Pharm Sci. 2009; 5(2): 103-108.
Asadi-Samani M, Kooti W, Aslani E, Shirzad H. A systematic review of Iran’s medicinal plants with anticancer effects. eCAM, 2016; 21(2): 143-153.