Coconut Water and Milk Modulate Intravascular Haemolysis and Hepatotoxicity Via Oxido-Inflammatory Mechanism in Rats http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i11.41
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Abstract
Haemolysis and its associated organ pathologies are predicated upon oxidative stress and inflammation, otherwise shown to be mitigated by complement natural products. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of coconut water (CCW) and milk (CCM) in phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced haemolysis and hepatotoxicity in the rat was evaluated, with possible adjunctive effects with dexamethasone (DXM). Anaemic rats were treated with CCW (2 mL/100 g), CCM (2 mL/100 g), DXM (0.01 mg/Kg), CCW+DXM, and CCM+DXM for 14 days post induction. Blood samples were collected for hematological parameters, lipid profiles and liver function tests while oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in liver homogenates. PHZ caused significant reduction in concentration of all the haematological parameters, with elevated serum aminotransferases. However, CCW and CCM alone, or in combination with DXM significantly attenuated the PHZ-induced haematotoxocity and hepatoxicity. PHZ’s increase LDL and TG with decrease HDL were equally significantly reversed by CCW and CCM. Elevated tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), Interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in response to PHZ were all mitigated by CCM and CCW, in favour of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NrF2). Histopathology revealed that only combination of CCM or CCW with DXM could distinctively reverse PHZ-induced alterations like macrovesicular steatosis and periportal inflammation. Phenylhydrazine induced toxicity is mitigated by either coconut water and milk or in combination with dexamethasone via oxidative stress reduction and inflammation suppression.
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